Transcript Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers A Link to the

Chapter 2 - The Internet
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Chapter 2
The Internet
THE INTERNET
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Worldwide group of connected networks that
allow public access to information and services
No single organization owns or controls
Estimated 360 million users in 2000
One-half billion in 2003
More than one billion in 2005
Internet Uses
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Access information, new, research &
educational material
Send or receive messages (e-mail)
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One of the original services of the Internet
Meet and converse with people around
the world in discussion groups or chat
rooms
Electronic commerce; click to view video, be patient
What are some services
found on the Internet?
Instant
Messaging
Internet
Telephony
Web
Newsgroups
Chat
E-mail
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
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Started as a WAN network of four
computers at the University of
California at Los Angeles in 1969
This Pentagon project was called
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) – ARPANET
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Internet Goals:
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Allow scientists at different locations to
share information
Function if part of the network were
disabled
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Cold War
Terrorism
The Internal Structure - INTERNET
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Backbone first provided by National
Science Foundation (NSF) – NSFnet
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NSF had (and still has) advanced
technology that it applies to the Internet
A backbone = main communications
lines that carry the bulk of Internet traffic;
several supercomputers networked
Internet Backbone
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Backbone now provided by variety of
corporations
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Telephone, cable, satellite companies and the
government
Various organizations help advise and
define standards for the Internet
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Internet2 is an experimental area for research
& a test site for new Internet technologies
intended to improve the performance of the
Internet
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Click to view
Quick Time video
How can you connect to the Internet?
Slow-speed
technology
High-speed
connection
Dial-up access
modem in your
computer uses a
standard telephone line
to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL),
cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,
fixed, wireless, and satellite modems
Connection must be established
each time you log on.
Slow but inexpensive
Connection is always on—
whenever the computer
is running
Fast but costs more
Other high-speed broadband services
In the Bismarck area I am the most
familiar with services in RED
Cable
Internet
service
DSL
Fiber to
the
Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Cellular
Radio
Network
Wi-Fi
Satellite
Internet
Service
Internet Service Providers
& Online Services
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ISPs are businesses that provide access to the Internet
for a fee
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Regional are local (Bismarck area) ISPs
National ISPs serve the entire country (AT&T; Earthlink)
Online service providers (OSP) offer services to
members only (AOL & MSN)
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News; weather; financial data; games travel guides; etc.
Wireless service providers (WSP)
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Handheld devices; cell phones, pagers, notebook computers,
automobiles, etc.
How Data Travels the Internet
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Client can access server
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Server/Host computers
 Manage network resources
 In 1984; 1,000 computer hosts
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 In 2003; 150,000,000 hosts
Modem or Network card converts
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and transmits data
Message is broken into little Packets
of data that are sent individually
Routers smart switches that select
the route that the packets will follow
Protocol An agreed-upon format
for transmitting data between two
devices
TCP-IP (transmission control
protocol/Internet protocol)
Backbone
Internet IP Addresses
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IP (Internet protocol) address is the unique
number of a device on the Internet
Domain name is a text name that represents the
IP address
Domain name servers (DNS)
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Translate domain names into IP addresses
TLD is a top-level domain abbreviation
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com, edu, gov, org, etc.
THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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WWW – a service on the Internet that
consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages) containing links
Started in 1991 – Tim Berners-Lee
Hyperlinks (links) – navigate the WWW
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Links are found on Web pages
Several Web pages make up a Web site
Web servers manage Web sites &
communications
Webmasters create Web pages
The World Wide Web
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(continued)
Web servers deliver (serve up) the Web pages that you request
Web browser or browser software provides a user a friendly way to access
and view Web pages
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Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.
Microsoft
Internet
Explorer
Safari
Firefox
Google
Chrome
Opera
The World Wide Web
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A home page is the
first page that a Web
site displays
Web pages provide
links to other related
Web pages
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Surfing the Web
Downloading is the
process of receiving
information
(continued)
• Some Web pages are
designed specifically for
microbrowsers
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address
Protocol://domain name / path to a specific Web page or file
Hypertext transfer protocol (http://)
Rules that define how pages (data) transfers on the Web.
What is downloading?
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The process of a computer receiving information
Depending upon connection speed, downloading
can take from a few seconds to several minutes
Uploading ?
p. 76
Spider (Webopedia) software reads
Web pages & creates an index.
Hit is a Web page link that is listed as
a result of a search.
(IP address is not listed in the hit, test question)
What is a search engine?
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Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by
entering words or phrases called search text
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p. 80
Also called a keyword
What is a subject directory?
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Search tool with
organized set of topics
and subtopics
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Lets you find
information by
clicking links rather
than entering
keywords
Automobile; Automobile Sales;
Automobile Sales Imports;
Automobile Sales Imports Honda….
What is a hit?

Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Note: Page Name & Domain Name
but no IP numbers! This is a
frequently missed test question!
p. 80 Fig. 2-12
Check Prices
Microsoft Office 2007 Pro
Compare Prices
Retail Store vs. Academic Online Prices
Retail Stores
Academic Online Stores
Best Buy
= $500
Gradeware = $170
Office Depot
= $330 (upgrade)
Academic Superstore = $170
Sam’s Club
= $271 (upgrade)
Ultimate Steal = $59
What are the nine basic types of Web sites?
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Portal
News
Informational
Business/Marketing
Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Blog – on line
journal/diary
Vlog – video log
Personal
Evaluating a Web Site
Beware!
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Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
No one oversees the
content of Web pages
Multimedia on the Web
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Web pages incorporate color, sound, motion,
and graphics with text
Plug-ins – run multimedia elements
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Sound, video, graphics & animated graphics
Added to and becomes part of the browser
Extend the capabilities of the browser
Java – multimedia language
Applets
Multimedia on the Web
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Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with:
Multimedia on the Web
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(continued)
Graphic file formats
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JPEG for pictures
GIF for line art (clip art)
Other graphic formats include BMP, PNG & TIFF
Thumbnails – small versions of a larger image
JPEG thumbnail
GIF thumbnail
Multimedia on the Web
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(continued)
Animation is the appearance of motion
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Marquees – text scrolling across the screen
Animated GIF combines several still images into a
single file
Animation = Next Slide
Audio on the Web
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Common sound formats
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Streaming audio
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MP3 (compressed) & WAV
Example of
“Streaming”
in a couple
of slides.
Listen as sound file is downloaded
Internet telephony – Internet
telephone service
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VoIP = Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
Audio on the Web
RealAudio
 Listen (live) to radio & TV
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Try it! Select a station
and then click PLAY
Are your speakers on?
Video on the Web
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Streaming video
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Check out the
“Webcam”
View as video file is downloaded
Allows videoconferencing
RealVideo – live video feeds
A popular video file format
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Motion Picture Experts Group
(MPEG)
Be patient this
may take a while
to download.
Streaming Audio & Video
Sound ?
Quick Time Plug-in required
Consider downloading the free plug-in, you may be
prompted when you click the image.
http://www.apple.com/trailers/miramax/cold_mountain/t1_large.html
Virtual Reality on the Web
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Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a
three-dimensional (3-D) space
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Virtual reality modeling language (VRML)
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A site created with VRML is a VR (virtual) world
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Used for modeling
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3d games
Architects use to model buildings
Scientists use to study molecules and other structures
Virtual Tour
Custer House, Ft Lincoln, Mandan, ND
Click to take a virtual tour
WEBCASTING
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Pull technology – client requests the
Web page from the Web server
Push technology - Web files are
downloaded automatically from Web
servers to the client
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At a periodic interval
The user does not need to request the
information
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
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Conducting business activities online
Businesses have Electronic money
(e-money)
Encryption
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Scrambled data sent over the WWW
Used for secured transactions
E-Commerce
Click the image to view a video
WEB PUBLISHING
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Web pages are created with
the Hypertext markup
language (HTML) - tags
Web authoring software
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HTML editors make
programming more user
friendly
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Microsoft Expression Web
Dreamweaver and HomeSite
Word processing packages
To publish a Web site the
Web pages must be
uploaded to a Web server
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
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E-mail
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An original service of the Internet
Primary communication method for both
personal and business use
E-mail users have e-mail addresses
Electronic messages are stored in mailboxes
residing in mail servers
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Outlook, Netscape, Eudora & many others
E-mail Addresses
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An e-mail address consists of
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Post Office Protocol (POP3) is used
to retrieve e-mail from a mail
server
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Username & domain name
The set of rules for e-mail transfer
The technology used by many mail
servers
Attachments (graphics, video clips,
& files) can be sent with e-mail
messages
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Encoding converts attachment to a
binary form and back
What is a PDF file?
How do you edit a PDF file?
FTP INTERNET SERVICES
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FTP (file transfer protocol) is an Internet
standard that permits files to be uploaded and
downloaded on the Internet
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Web pages to Web servers to clients.
Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
FTP servers contain files that can be transferred
Anonymous FTP – anyone can transfer the files
Search for:
FTP Site
PDF to Word (free?)
(Convert a PDF document into a
Word document & then edit)
Telnet INTERNET SERVICES
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Telnet
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Log into remote computers & have the
remote computer work for the user
Access remote databases, directories, and
library catalogs
Today’s use of Internet Service Providers
and Web browsers has reduced the need for
Telenet
Most libraries have converted to a Web
based system
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
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Newsgroups
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An online discussion about a particular subject
You may discuss sports or a breaking news story
Collection of newsgroups is called a Usenet
Mailing Lists & LISTSERVs
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Send mail to a large group of people at one time
LISTSERV is a popular mailing list software product
What is a chat?
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Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
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Chat room is location on a
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest
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Instant messaging notifies you
when someone you know is online
& then you can exchange
messages with them
p. 98 Fig. 2-32
NETIQUETTE
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Internet etiquette
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The code of acceptable
behavior users should
follow while on the
Internet
Avoid “spam” –
sending messages to
several people
Respect
Chat room Lawsuit
Benedictine value =
Respect for others
Chapter 2 Complete