Transcript Greek Government and Wars - Ms. Tamayo

Unit 12
 Welcome!
 Take out a blank sheet of paper and answer the
following prompt in three paragraphs, seven sentences
each:
 Considering our discussion of Ancient Greek
geography, describe what type of culture developed as
a result of geography and why? What factors
contributed to this civilization’s development as its’
specific culture? How did the geography impact the
way people lived and worked?
 Welcome!
 Please come in and have a seat silently.
 Take out your vocabulary words and begin studying to
play I Have, Who Has.
3/9/15
Greek Political Systems and Wars
Slide Title
White
 After the Minoans and the Mycenaeans (1100 BCE-800
BCE) the Greeks began to establish Ancient Greece the
way we know today.
 Buildings were constructed for the gods and goddesses
and there was a majority oligarchy rule.
 Oligarchy:
form of government in which all power is held by
a few people or by a dominant class or clique;
government by the few. Rulers had absolute power.
 Men built and expanded city-states (think: Athens and
Sparta)
 City-states: Polis = city-state - considered “mini
countries” that had their own rules and laws, their own
currency, and their own beliefs.
 City-states all started out as monarchies but they were
all eventually overthrown by citizens.
 One person of higher wealth trying to hold political
power.
 Power taken illegally.
 They needed the support of people.
 Tyrants were like kings, but they didn’t have the initial
birthright to rule.
 Government varied from region to region.
 Islands, city-states, mountains separated areas, etc.
 Most areas were ruled either by a tyrant or an
oligarchy.
 Pericles emerges as a strong leader and speaker. He
developed the idea of democracy.
 Democracy:
government by the people; a form of government
in which the supreme power is held by the
people and exercised directly by them or by their
elected representatives under a free system.
 Only citizens could vote
 Free men, both parents had to be from Athens
(Athenian)
 No women, slaves, children or people from other
Greek city-states.
 Slowly, other city-states began to introduce democracy.
 Democracy was spread to other non-Greek areas as
well.
 How?
 The U.S. Government is based on Athenian
democracy.
 Trial By Jury was developed in Athens as well: a group
of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of
committing a crime after hearing all evidence.
 Ideas spread city to city by debating philosophers
 Think: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
 Athens: Democracy (excluded were those who were
women, children, and people who weren’t citizens)
 Sparta: Oligarchy (ruled by only a few select people –
had 2 kings)
 Peloponnesian Wars
 Persian War
 Trojan War
 Peloponnesian Wars: 431-404 BCE
 Battles named for where they were fought.
 Between Athens and Sparta
 Athens: democracy, education, culture, learning
 Sparta: military, warriors, defense
 Joined together to defeat Persian army (480-479 BCE)
 First Peloponnesian War (460-446 BCE) caused by




Athens spreading culture and Sparta being threatened
by it.
Power struggle between Athens and Sparta
At the end of the war, the Thirty Years’ Peace was
declared.
Only lasted for fifteen years since Athens helped one
of Sparta’s allies in another battle.
Sparta threatened war in late summer 432 BCE, but
war only fought in Spring and Summer so fighting
started the next year.
 Constant invasions by the other for years.
 Both sides claimed victories, but neither could claim
overall victory.
 One of Athens’ new generals helped Sparta to defeat
Athens in Sicily, and Athenian government and
military suffered.
 Athens regained strength and continued to fight
despite Sparta’s constant offerings of peace.
 Eventually, Sparta (with the help of Persia) defeated
Athens and blocked their main port of food (ships
dock and bring food to Athenians).
 Athenians began starving to death so in 404 BCE,
Athens surrendered.
 Athens would never regain its strength in learning or
culture again (why these wars were considered a
turning point in history).
 Greek city-states would never again have strong power.
 fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of
almost half a century.
 fighting was most intense during two invasions that
Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490
and 479
 Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its
strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks
overcame seemingly impossible odds and even
succeeded in liberating Greek city-states
 Greek triumph ensured the survival of Greek culture
and political structures long after the demise of the
Persian empire.
 Persian kings extended their rule from the Indus River




valley to the Aegean Sea
Persians gradually conquered the small Greek city-states
along the coast
500 BCE the Greek city-states on the western coast of
Anatolia rose up in rebellion against Persia
Uprising, known as the Ionian revolt (500–494 BC), failed,
but its consequences for the mainland Greeks were
momentous
Battles continued for years, but in 449 BCE the Peace
of Callias finally ended the hostilities between Athens and
its allies and Persia.
 The 3 goddesses asked Zeus who was the most beautiful
 Zeus refused to answer and sent them to Paris
 The 3 Goddesses gave offers to Paris until he chose 1
goddess:
 Hera
 Promised to make him lord of Europe, and Asia
 Athena
 Promised he would lead the Trojans to victory and leave Greece in
ruins
 Aphrodite
 Promised the fairest woman in all the world would be his
 Paris chose Aphrodite's offer, and he would receive the
fairest woman in the world
 Helen, Zeus’s daughter
 However, Helen was already married to Menelaus, the king
of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon
 Menelaus went to find Helen and called upon all of Greece
to help him
 The Trojan War started and lasted for 10 years
 Greeks: Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Agamemnon,
Menelaus
 Trojans: Paris, Aphrodite, Ares (God of War), Apollo,
Artemis, Hector, Zeus
 Paris and Menelaus would fight it out alone for
Helen
 The war could have ended here, but Hera and
Athena wanted to ruin Troy. Athena ordered a Trojan
to shoot at Menelaus and the battle begins with
everyone.
 Agamemnon wanted to sail home
 Hera had her plans
 She would talk to Zeus in hopes that he couldn’t resist her
 Zeus fell for it, and the battle turned in favor of the Greeks
 Hector felt that he could not be killed, until he is found lying in
the plains where Zeus finds him
 Hera is blamed
 At Hector’s funeral, it is described that the Illiad ends
 With Hector dead, Achilles knew he would die soon because his
mother had predicted it
 His last battle was against the King of Ethiopia, and when he is
killed his body is carried out by Ajax
 Ajax wanted to kill Agamemnon and Menelaus for turning the vote
against him
 The 3 men as well as Odysseus fought over Achilles body parts
 Greece started to feel depressed by all the deaths that were
occurring
 Troy couldn’t fall until they were fought against with bow and arrow
of Hercules
 Hercules died by Prince Philocetes
 Odysseus, other Neoptolemus aka Pyrrhus (the
young of Achilles) took the bow/arrows
 Paris was wounded by it and wanted to go to
Oenone , a nymph who was with him before he
met the three goddess
 She knew a drug that could help him
 He always forgot about her and therefore she didn’t help
him
 He died and she later killed herself
 ***Although Troy had lost Paris it was okay
because as long as they had Palladium, Troy
couldn’t be taken
 10 years past and troy was as strong as ever. The
Greeks came up with the plan to make a wooden
horse… the others stayed people of Greeks near the
island so they could sail home
 The Trojans had false security when they heard
only silence and all but one of the Greek ships were
gone.
 Priest Laocoon feared the horse because it had come from
Greece
 The Greeks hoped the Trojans would try to destroy it
causing Athena’s anger upon them
 They brought it to the temple of Athena and in the
middle of the night everyone returned to their houses
 Aphrodite was the only god who helped a Trojan. She
helped Helen and gave her to Menelaus, they sailed to
Greece
 Troy was gone, Greece ships awaited.
 **you’ve finished! Yay!
 You are going to create your own 10-question Kahoot
based on either Ancient Greek geography OR Ancient
Greek political systems and wars.
 Your questions must be multiple choice.
 Your questions must be appropriate (we may use your
quiz for review).
 Your questions must relate to the material.
 You may work independently or with ONE partner.