Transcript 4_2 - Huntley Project Schools

Chapter 4.2
Rise of Greek city-states
geography
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Peninsula
Isolated valleys
Rough terrain
Islands
What did this
lead to?
Governing the city-states
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Polis=city-state
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Major city and surrounding area
Built on 2 levels
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Acropolis=high city
Lower level contained businesses homes and
public buildings
Populations were low #’s
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Citizens, non-citizens and slaves
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All groups had different rights and responsibilities
Governing the city-states
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TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
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Monarchy
Aristocracy
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Rule by land-holding elite
Oligarchy
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Rule by wealthy elite
Governing the city-states
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New warfare shapes Greece
 Iron defensive and offensive tools
 Cheaper than bronze so middle class people could afford
weapons and join
 Class differences decrease
 phalanx
 New battle formation where soldiers would lock their shields
together, and the first few ranks of soldiers would project their
spears out over the first rank of shields. The phalanx
therefore presented a shield wall and a mass of spear points
to the enemy, making frontal assaults much more difficult.
Sparta
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Dorians conquered an area and created
Sparta
Locals became slaves called helots
2 kings and a council of elders
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5 ephors carried out daily gov. functions
Sparta
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Daily life
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Every citizen started to prep for a military life at
an early age
Babies were examined and weak babies
disposed of or raised to be slaves
At 6 or 7 boys were sent to live in military
barracks until 30
Men could marry at 20
Sparta
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Women
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Spartan women had to be strong to make strong
warriors.
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Allowed to participate in athletics
Had to obey men, but had the rights to:
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Inherit property
Manage the family estate
Move freely about the city
Even allowed to consume wine (no other greek
women had this “right”)
Sparta
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Intentionally isolated
Looked down upon non-warrior city-states
and their people
Forbade travel
No value placed on arts or industry
Spartan Citizens (warriors) could not
handle $$
Athens
Athens
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Originally an Aristocracy
People resented noble power and nobles
Many people had to sell property or lives in
hard times
Changed to democracy
Athens
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Solon’s reforms
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Outlawed debt slavery and freed debt slaves
Granted citizenship to many
Encouraged export of olive oil and wine
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$$$$
Athens becomes powerful city state
Athens
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Citizens share power and wealth
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Government Reforms included
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Land and loans for farmers
Council of 500
 The council handled daily gov functions.
 All 30+ yr old citizens could be selected to be on the
council.
Athens
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Athenian democracy
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Citizens could participate
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30 yr old Males who owned land were Citizens
Very low percentage of the population could
participate
Athens
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Women
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Wealthy women lived secluded lives
Poor women worked outside the home+
Marriage was not legitimized until birth of child
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Men decided if the baby was to be kept or not.
Both needed the guidance of men
Education
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Wealthy boys learned reading, writing, rhetoric,
music, history, poetry, pe, and military