Transcript Chapter 10 The City

Chapter 10
The City-States
Ms. Smith
World History
Please Do Now #13
List two advantages and two disadvantages of
living in a modern city.
The Greeks lived in city-states. Look for the
advantages and disadvantages of life in the
Greek city-states as you read this chapter.
Why It’s Important
• The geography of Greece – the mountains and
the sea - separated communities from each
other. Although they spoke the same language
and shared many of the same customs, no
single community had power over the others.
People developed a loyalty to the community
in which they lived. These communities, citystates, became a feature of Greek civilization.
Objectives
• Identify and discuss Chapter 10
vocabulary and ways in which
Greek ideas related to our world
today.
Chapter 10 Section 1 Vocabulary
1. Polis – another name for city-state.
The geographic and political center
of Greek life.
2. Acropolis – A fortified hill with a
temple of the local god at the top.
3. Agora – at the foot of the Acropolis
that was an open marketplace.
Chapter 10 Section 2 Vocabulary
4. Aristocrats – nobles who took over
Spartan government.
5. Helots – enslaved people who
worked Spartan land.
6. Parioeci – Spartan merchants and
artisans who participated in trade.
Chapter 10 Section 3 Vocabulary
7. Oligarchy – A form of government in
which a few people have the ruling
power.
8. Draco – made the first attempt to
change the oligarchy form of
government. Failed because punishment
was too harsh.
9. Constitution – prepared by Solon, a set
of principles and rules for governing.
Chapter 10 Section 3 Vocabulary
10.Democratic – favoring the equality of all
people.
11.Cleisthenes – put the first democratic
constitution into effect. Opened the
Assembly to males over 20 years old.
12.Council of Five Hundred – handled the
daily business of Athens. Chosen by lot.
Please Do Now #14 3-17-14
• Read “Reading Physical Maps” on page 165.
• Answer the “Map Practice” questions.
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
Please Do Now #14 3-17-14
• Read “Reading Physical Maps” on page 165.
• Answer the “Map Practice” questions.
1. Yellow
2. Dark green
3. Steep mountains and small, narrow plains.
PDN#16
3-19-14
Did you know?
• The Mediterranean climate of ancient Greece
made it an optimum place for growing olives,
a crop that was as good as gold for the Greeks.
Finding the olive growing wild, the Greeks
cultivated it. Olive oil went into Greek homes
as well as in other ancient lands. Bread was
dipped in oil as many people use butter today.
What other uses do we have for olive oil?
Chapter 10 – The City-States
I. The Polis was the geographic and
political center of Greek life.
A. Polis means “city-state.”
B. Each had a fortified hill called an
acropolis
C. At the top stood a temple of the local
god.
D. At the foot was the agora, an open area
used as a marketplace.
Chapter 10 – The City-States
E. By 700 B.C., the inner part of the polis became a city.
F. Together with the villages and farmland around it, it
formed a city-state, with between 5,000 and 10,000
people.
G. Each city-state had its own government and laws.
H. Only men born in Greece were considered citizens.
1.
I.
Excluded from citizenship were women, children, and
enslaved people.
Only citizens could vote, own property, hold public
office, and speak in court.
Chapter 10 – The City-States
J. In return for citizenship, men were expected to
take part in government and defend the polis.
K. Greek citizens saw civic and personal honor
equally important.
L. Two greatest Greek city-states were Athens and
Sparta.
Chapter 10 – The City-States
II. Sparta
A. By 500 B.C., it was the greatest military power in
Greece.
B. At first, ruled by a king.
C. By 800 B.C. aristocrats took over the
government.
D. Duties of king evolved into leading the army and
conducting religious services.
Chapter 10 – The City-States
E. Only aristocrats could be Spartan citizens.
F. All citizens over 20 were members of the
Assembly.
1. Passed laws
2. Decided questions on war and peace.
3. Chose five ephors (managers) each year to take
charge of public affairs and guide education.
G. Council of Elders helped the ephors.
1. Made up of men over 60
2. Chosen for life.
H. Spartans had no interest in farming.
1. Helots (enslaved people) worked the land.
I. Spartans not interested in business or trade.
1. Perioeci (merchants) and artisans who lived in the
villages handled it.
J. Spartans tried to become the strongest people in
Greece.
1. Spartan babies were examined for health.
a.
b.
If healthy, allowed to live.
If not healthy, left on a hillside to die.
Please Do Now #15
3-18-14
Draw Diagram. Add five characteristics of Greek
City-States.
Greek
CityStates
Objectives
Today we will identify major
characteristics of life in Sparta
for babies, boys, women, and
men.
K. Spartan boys
a. When boys turned seven, they were sent to live in
military camps.
b. They learned to read, write, and use weapons.
c. Received only small amounts of food.
d. Went barefoot and wore one cloak (cape, coat).
e. Rarely spoke.
f. Slept outdoors with no cover.
g. Lined up every ten days to check for weight gain.
L. Spartan men
1. Married at age 20.
2. Had to live with other military men.
3. Retired from the army at 60.
M. Spartan Women
1. Had more freedom than women in the other citystates.
2. Mixed freely with men.
3. Enjoyed sports such as wrestling and racing.
N. Spartans thought new ideas would weaken them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tried to prevent change.
Refused to use coins the other city-states used.
Refused to develop literature and art.
Refused to build up business and trade.
Remained a poor farming society that depended on
slaves.
6. Defeated in 371 B.C.
Group Activity
• Divide into four groups.
• Two groups: Imagine you are Athenians
defending the idea that a woman’s place is in
the home.
• Two remaining groups: Imagine you are
Spartans defending the idea that women
should be free to mix with their husband’s
friends and attend sporting events.
• Debate the issue in the form of a speech.
III. Athens
A. First ruled by kings.
B. Around 750 B.C. an oligarchy made up of nobles,
merchants, and manufacturers took over the
government.
C. The government had to change due to fights
between farmers and artisans over land
ownership.
D. The upper class Athenians decided to reform the
government.
Please do now #17 3-21-14
• Imagine you are Athenians defending the idea
that a woman’s place is in the home, or
imagine you are a Spartan defending the idea
that women should be free to mix with their
husband’s friends and attend sporting events.
• Discuss your ideas with your group.
• Write a paragraph expressing your point of
view using complete sentences.
1. First attempt was made by Draco.
2. Failed because punishments were too harsh.
3. In 594 B.C. Solon prepared a constitution.
a. A set of principles and rules for governing.
b. Government would no longer be run by
the rich.
c. Set a limit on how much land a person
could own.
d. Gave landowners a right to vote in
Assembly.
e. Assembly passed laws.
f. Under Solon and as a result of his changes, more
Athenians began to take part in government.
g. About 560 B.C., the government was taken over by
another Athenian named Peisistratus.
E. A Democratic Constitution
1. The Spartans overthrew the government after
Peisistratus died.
2. Spartans were overthrown by Cleisthenes.
3. Cleisthenes put the world’s first constitution into
effect.