Transcript Social Review 6

Social Review 6
Part 2
Ancient Athens
How was the government of Ancient
Athens structured?
• In ancient times, Greece was not a unified
country. Rather it was broken into city-states
• Athens was the strongest city-state, it was a
democracy, the government was run by the
people
The Assembly
• Most important government body
• Took place at the Pnyx (on top of a hill)
• Thousands would attend, 6000 needed for a
vote to be legal
• Slave with a red-painted rope was sent out to
mark those who were not at Assembly as a
warning. Those who did not attend were fined
money
The Assembly
• Met every 10 days or so
• All citizens could attend
• Small to large matters were discussed (from
market prices to warfare)
• Decision making process: Discussion, debate
and vote. Vote was often done by hand. If not
it was done by stone (pale stone meant yes,
dark stone meant no)
The Council of 500
• Also called the boule
• Day to day operations, the Assembly Agenda
• Any council decisions, laws changes or proposal
had to be presented to and approved by the
Assembly
• Made up of the 10 tribes of Attica (area that
Athens ruled, 50 members from each tribe)
• Chairman = chosen by lottery (new everyday)
• New Council was chosen every year
How was the government of Ancient
Athens structured?
• What is the difference between a city-state
and a unified country?
• What was the most important body of
government in Ancient Athens? How many
attended and where did it take place?
• What matters did this body of government
deal with and how did the decision making
process run?
How was the government of Ancient
Athens structured?
• What did the Council of 500 deal with?
• Fill in the blanks: The Council was made up of
the __ tribes of _________, with _____
members from each tribe.
• How was the Chairman chosen? How often
was a new Council chosen?
How were citizens able to participate
in Athenian government?
• Power was shared equally between all citizens
• Assembly allowed all people to be heard
(direct democracy)
• Debated and voted on laws themselves
• It did not matter how wealthy you were, you
always had the same amount of power, as
long as you were a citizen
• Pericles was the best-known leader who
helped promote Athenian democracy
How were citizens able to participate
in Athenian government?
• What type of democracy was the assembly?
• If you were a poor citizen, did you have less
power than a rich citizen?
How did identity, status and class
structure impact citizenship in
Athens?
• Slaves, metics and women were not citizen. It
was almost impossible for these people move
social classes and become citizens
• Since Athens had money, many foreigners
came to live there. They could live, work or
fight in war as they liked, but could not take
part in government
• Slaves- Seen as the lowest class, even poor
families had slaves. There were to do most
physical labour or boring and dangerous jobs
• Women – no say in government. Had to take
care of home and family.
How did identity, status and class
structure impact citizenship in
Athens?
• If you were a slave or metic (immigrant), could
you become a citizen?
• What were the roles of slaves in Athenian
society?
• What were the roles of women in Athenian
Society?
How did Athenian social structure
impact government?
• Citizen participation was very important
• Slaves did most of the work, allowing male
citizens the time to participate in government
• Athenian citizens did not believe that Metics
had the best interest of Athens at heart
• Women could only stay at home, they did not
go to school so were not educated
How did Athenian social structure
impact government?
• What did the use of slaves allow the citizens of
Athens to do?
• Why did Athenian citizens not want Metics
(immigrants) to be a part of their
government?
To what extent were fairness and
equity apart of Athens?
• Not all people could participate
• Always majority rule: no minority rights (like our
language and aboriginal rights)
• No guaranteed rights = ostracism (a person could be
voted to exile)
• Unfair court hearings (rich often won and evidence was
rarely needed)
• By ancient standards, Athens were fair and equal since
citizens had power, not a tyrant
• All citizens had there role in law making, unlike today
due to our representative government
To what extent were fairness and
equity apart of Athens?
• Give three reasons why in our society, we
would say that Ancient Athens did not
demonstrate fairness and equity.
• Give the main reason why in Ancient times,
Athens demonstrated fairness and equity.
Iroquois Confederacy
What motivation might the Mohawk have
in joining the Iroquois Confederacy?
How was the Iroquois Confederacy
structured?
• There were 5 tribes constantly at war
• Huron man (Deganwidah), was determined to
create peace. He was known as the peacekeeper.
He wanted the Iroquois tribe to agree to the
Great Law of Peace
• He met Hiwatha, who was very sad because
Tadodaho (Onondaga chief) had killed Hiwatha’s
family)
• The Peacekeeper helped console Hiwatha, and
Hiwatha became his follower.
How was the Iroquois Confederacy
structured?
• The Peacekeeper and Hiwatha convinced all
nations to agree, except for one, the Onondaga.
After a while, the Onondaga joined
• All chiefs gathered and buried their weapons
under the Great Tree of Peace as a sign of Peace.
• Great Law of Peace = Gayanekshagowa
• Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca
were united
• This all happened before Europeans settled in
North America
• Tuscarora were the sixth and last nation. The
were brought in by the Oneida
• In each nations there were clans. Clans were
named after animals. Clans were lead by clan
mothers
• The role of clan mother was passed down from
mother to daughter (hereditary)
• Clan mothers selected and removed chiefs. They
chose men who would uphold hold the Great Law
of Peace.
How was the Iroquois Confederacy
structured?
• Who was determined to create peace for the
Nations and why?
• What is the story of Hiwatha?
• Who did not want to join the Confederation at
first?
• What symbolic act did the chiefs take to show
their commitment to Peace?
• Each nation had ___________, in each
_____________ their was a _______ ________
The Chiefs
• There were 50 chiefs in the Iroquois Confederacy,
there men made up the Grand Council were
decision were made by consensus
• # of chiefs = # of clans in a tribe
• The Grand Council had to follow the Great Law
and consider the Seventh Generation
• Types of chiefs (war chiefs and pine tree chiefs)
• War chiefs dealt with issues of war
• Pine tree chiefs dealt with issues of trade,
politics and organization
• Both were appointed by the Grand Council
Chiefs
•
•
•
•
•
Mohawk = 9 chiefs
Oneida = 9 chiefs
Onondaga = 14 chiefs
Cayuga = 10 chiefs
Seneca = 8 chiefs
• Since Tuscarora was not apart of the original 5
nations, they were represented by the Oneida
What was the role and status of men
and women?
• Men: hunting, fishing, cutting trees down for
canoes and longhouses. They worked in groups
• Women had more freedom and social status than
women of other societies
• Women tended to crops and longhouses
• When couples married, they moved in with the
women’s clan
• Men and women worked together to build their
communities
What was the role and status of men
and women?
• What were the roles of men?
• What were the roles of women?
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of consensus?
• Consensus = everyone agrees on a decision
• Most democracies are majority rule
• Consensus works for small groups. All
participants must listen to everyone’s
opinions, even the minorities. This put the
entire groups needs ahead of the majorities
needs
• If someone will not compromise, consensus is
impossible
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of consensus?
• What was good about consensus?
• What was bad about consensus?
How did the Six Nations use the
Consensus-building process?
• Women and faithkeepers were often
consulted in decision making
• When there was a threat, all people were
consulted in decision making, even children.
All people had to come to consensus
• Take a few minutes to read page 91
How did the Six Nations use the
Consensus-building process?
• When an issue arose, who were the first two
Nations to discuss and make a decision by
consensus?
• Which nation was not involved in consensus,
but rather opening the Grand Council?
• If consensus was not reached, what is one of
the two things that would happen?
How did the Wampum belt address
collective identity?
• Made of beaded white and purple shell
• Used to tell stories or treaties
• Used symbols to tell a story
• Represents that all groups are respected, as
well as united
How did social structure of the
Iroquois Nation impact government
• Men and women had different, yet equal roles
in society, unlike Ancient Athens
• All power was balanced (clan mothers could
reject failing chiefs and Grand Council could
revoke failing clan mothers)
• Each nation had an equal voice because of
consensus
• All had to follow the Great Law of Peace
How did social structure of the
Iroquois Nation impact government
• How was power balanced in the Iroquois
Confederacy?
To what extent did the decision-making process
within the Iroquois Confederacy reflect equity
and fairness?
+ High level of women’s participation in politics
+ Foreigners could join the nation if they swore
by the Great Law of Peace (like the Tuscarora)
+ Compromise and co-operation were needed to
make decision by way of consensus
+ The minority always had to be considered
since the vote was not majority rule
+ All people were included in decision making
To what extent did the decision-making process
within the Iroquois Confederacy reflect equity
and fairness?
- People did not have a choice over the leaders
that represented them. The Chiefs were
appointed by the clan mothers. Clan mothers
received clan mother titles from their
mothers. There were no elections.
- Men still had more opportunity (they could
become pine tree or war chiefs, or
faithkeeper.
To what extent did the decision-making process
within the Iroquois Confederacy reflect equity
and fairness?
- Name 2 ways Iroquois confederacy
demonstrated equity and fairness
- Name 2 ways the Iroquois confederacy did not
demonstrate equity and fairness
What types of freedoms and rights are
in the Charter?
What types of freedoms and rights are
in the Charter?
• Fundamental Freedoms, Democratic Rights,
Mobility Rights, Equality Rights, Legal Rights,
Official Language Rights
• Name the 2 main jobs of a MLA
• Name the 3 main jobs of a Cabinet Minister
Name the 2 main jobs of a MLA
Name the 3 main jobs of a Cabinet Minister
MLAs have 2 main responsibilities:
1) Representing their constituents (maintaining
open office, community functions, informing
constituents about what is happening)
2) Participate in Government (introducing and
passing bills, committees, interests groups)
Cabinet Ministers:
1) Make decisions
2) Develop government policies
3) Review government spending
• Who is elected in the Prov. Gov? Who is
appointed? Who is from the same political
party?
• What services does Provincal Government
provide?
• What is the main difference between rural
and urban?
• How are local government services paid for?
• What is the main difference between rural and
urban?
• How are local government services paid for?
In order for the local government to gain revenue
(money/ income) they collect taxes
These taxes are mostly in the form of property taxes
Also gained by user fees (Ex: bus ticket), community
rentals (ex: picnic spots at Henderson)