Transcript Greek Philosophers Use Reason - Mr

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Assignment 1+4
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Day 3
Week: Origins of Democracy
What will we learn today?
Standard 10.1.2 The development of Western ideas from
Greece and Rome.
Who is your
favorite teacher
(past or present)?
What did they do
that was so special?
1
Grades
Based on
 Syllabi
 Notebooks
 Textbooks
Autobiography
Where are papers/schedule?
Unit 1: Origins of Democracy
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6.
Study Guide #1
Study Guide #2
P1A Legacy of Greece and Rome
Forms of Greek/Roman Gov
P1B Greek Philosophers Use Reason
Three Great Greek Philosophers
 Analyze ancient Greece philosophers
 Identify their different ideas about
who should rule
What ideas did Greek
philosophers have regarding
rulers?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were
three of the greatest philosophers
who ever lived. They each had
different ideas regarding
government, including who should
rule and how their power should be
limited.
• What were the two ancient
civilizations that influenced American
Government?
• Explain “government” in your own
words.
• Of the four types of governments,
which would be the worst to live
under?
• Of the four types of government,
which is most like America?
• Tell me three ways that Athen’s
government was similar to America’s?
• 1.
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• 3.
Philosopher = “Lovers of wisdom”
Philo = Lover + Soph = wisdom
Sophomore = “Wise Fool”
Soph= wisdom
+ Moron = fool
•Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters
such as existence, knowledge, truth, justice, beauty, validity, mind,
and language
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What is the meaning of life?
Is there a life after death?
Why is the sky blue?
What is beauty?
What is truth?
What is love?
Are we born evil, or born good?
How do you know you’re not dreaming?
SHOULD WE KILL HEALTHY
PEOPLE FOR THEIR ORGANS?
Suppose Bill is a healthy man
without family or loved ones.
Would it be ok painlessly to kill
him if his organs would save five
people, one of whom needs a
heart, another a kidney, and so
on? If not, why not?
 Consider another case: you and six
others are kidnapped, and the
kidnapper somehow persuades you
that if you shoot dead one of the
other hostages, he will set the
remaining five free, whereas if you
do not, he will shoot all six. (Either
way, he'll release you.)
 If in this case you should kill one to save five,
why not in the previous, organs case? If in
this case too you have qualms, consider yet
another: you're in the cab of a runaway tram
and see five people tied to the track ahead.
You have the option of sending the tram on
to the track forking off to the left, on which
only one person is tied. Surely you should
send the tram left, killing one to save five.
 But then why not kill Bill?
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4th Century BC- used
Logic and Reason to
investigate the nature of
the universe, human
society, and morality.
Based of 2 assumptions:
The universe (land, sky,
and sea) is put together in
a orderly way and is
subject to absolute and
unchanging laws
People can understand
these laws through logic
and reason
Three major philosophers Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle lived in Athens in the 400s and 300s
BC laying the foundation for philosophy for
years to come.
•They believed that individual achievement,
dignity, and worth are of great importance.
How do you know the
ocean is blue?
• 469 - 399 B.C
• Questioned
everything, even the
closest held beliefs.
• Encouraged students
to think
• Left no writings
• Developed “Socratic
Method,” a series of
questions and answer
discussions
•Socrates never wrote
anything. All of his ideas were
written down by his student,
Plato.
•Known as one of the wisest
men of all time.
•It’s rumored that Plato had an
affair with Socrates’ wife
•He was charged with lack of
piety and corruption of the
city's youth. He was found
guilty and sentenced to
death. He died in 399 BCE
after drinking hemlock poison.
Plato
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428-348 BC
Plato- Student of Socrates.
Documented Socrates work
Most famous dialog is the
Republic
– Developed the idea of Philosopher
Kings- In a perfectly governed
society the rulers were not the
wealthiest, but the wisest whom he
called Philosopher Kings.
• Trained as a mathematician
• “Those things which are
beautiful are also difficult.” Plato
• VOLUNTARY EXILE. Plato
left his native city immediately
following the execution of
Socrates.
• In Syracuse he was sold into
slavery. Plato raised three
thousand drachmas through
his friends to buy back his
freedom. He returned to
Athens in 387 B.C.
• THE ACADEMY. In 386 B.C.
Plato purchased a recreation
grove dedicated to the god
Academus. This became the
location of his school.
The Allegory Cave
What is Plato trying
to say here?
384-322 BC
 Student of Plato
 Examined the nature of
the world and human
belief, thought, and
knowledge.
 Politics: Believed that
government’s actions
are also subjected to
the same laws.
 First theorist of
democracy (Plato
hated democracy)

He who trusts any man
with supreme power
gives it to a wild beast,
for such his appetite
sometimes makes him;
passion influences
those in power, even
the best of men, but
law is reason without
desire. -Aristotle
 What is Aristotle
saying?
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Aristotle was always
concerned about rulers
become tyrants, or
selfish and uncaring.
 A tyrant:

• Shares power with no
one
• Cares only about
themselves
• Takes power illegally
• Suggested that a baby's sex
is determined by the wind's
direction at the time of its
birth.
• When shown a fish
fossil - he said that a great
many fish live inside the
earth motionless
• Earthquakes occurred when
air crowded into the ground,
was heated by central fires
& escaped explosively, like
belching.
Legacy of Ancient
Greece and Rome
 Greece set lasting
standards in government
and philosophy
 Developed direct
democracy in order for their
citizens to actively
participate in political
decisions
 First to develop 3 branches
of government
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Legislative- pass laws
Executive- carry out laws
Judicial- settle disputes
about the laws
Athenian vs United States
Democracy
•Citizen= 18 year
old male, parents
are citizens
•Direct
Democracy
•Juries vary in
size
•No attorneys, no
appeals, one day
trials
•Citizen= born in US
or completed citizen
process
•Representative
•Citizens vote
Democracy (Republic)
•3 branches
•Juries composed of
of gov’t
12 jurors
•Defendants and
plaintiffs have
attorneys, long
appeals process
Homework: Finish Assn #6
Three Great Greek Philosophers
Study Guide P1B

10 minutes
Three Great Greek Philosophers