Transcript PowerPoint
• 11/18 Focus: – The ancient Greeks, especially the Athenians, made huge contributions to many fields, particularly to philosophy, the arts, and sciences. • Do Now: – What war united the Greek city-states against a common enemy and contributed to a golden age in Athens? Philosophy • Use of observation and reason to understand why things happened • Major Greek Philosophers (400-300 BC) – Socrates – Plato – Aristotle Socrates • Most of what we know about Socrates comes from the writing of his student, Plato. • Wanted to understand truth, justice, and virtue • Developed Socratic method – Learning about beliefs and ideas by asking questions What is Truth? • Socrates • Sentenced to death by government – Charged with disrespecting religion and corrupting children – Influential people were afraid he was angering the gods – Drank cup of poisonous hemlock tea Plato • Student of Socrates • Founded the Academy – A school where philosophers could teach their students • Wrote the Republic – Did not support Athenian democracy – Divided society into 3 classes • Workers, soldiers, philosophers – Thought philosophers were best suited to govern other people Aristotle • Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great • Started the Lyceum School • Use of reason and logic to understand the natural world – Reason • Clear and observed thinking – Logic • The process of making inferences • This approach became the basis for the scientific method • Believed one strong and good leader should rule people • 11/19 Focus: – An epic book or poem tells a long story that involves brave actions and exciting events. – Greek contributions to philosophy, art and literature are still influential. • Do Now: – Identify the three most influential Greek philosophers? Art • Greeks believed in beauty, balance, and order in the universe • Greek paintings and statues were life like but portray the human body in its perfect form. Architecture • Constructed large temples, such as the Parthenon • Greek column styles still influence modern day Corinthian builders Doric Ionic • • • Literature and Drama • Homer – Wrote long epic poems – Odyssey and Iliad • Plays – First plays developed as part of religious festivals – Tragedies • Serious dramas about human conflicts – Comedies • often were satires or works that poked fun at Greek society Historians • Tried to record an unbiased record of history • Herodotus – Called the father of history – Wrote the Histories Science and Math • Pythagoras: – Pythagorean Theorem (a² + b²= c²) • Archimedes: – created geometry and calculus • Hippocrates – Father of western medicine Closure • Who wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad ? • Identify one contribution that ancient Greeks made in the area of math, science, or medicine. • Assignment Link: • http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/acropolis/explore/ex p_set.html