Transcript Athens-inclusion - use 3rd

Athens:
Model of
Peaceful
democracy
Athens
► Athens
was a polis in ancient Greece
 A polis is _________________________.
► The
people of Athens were peaceful,
educated and interested in democracy.
► Athenians
valued learning over fighting.
A Nation of Thinkers
► Athenians
lived
northeast of Sparta
► Athens
is built in a
hilly area close to the
sea; its Acropolis is
built on a hill in the
middle of the city
Acropolis
Their patroness, Athena
► Ancient
Greeks believed
each city had a god or
goddess who protected
them
► Athens
was protected
by Athena, the goddess
of wisdom
► Athena’s
temple was
the center of the
Acropolis
Their patroness, Athena (cont.)
•Favorite daughter of Zeus
•Goddess of wisdom, warfare and craft
Athena (Story of her birth)
► Following
the battle between the Titans and
the Olympian gods Zeus, king of the gods,
lay with the Titaness Metis (whose name
literally means wisdom or deep thought).
► When Metis fell pregnant, her parents
(Oceanus and Tithys) told Zeus that their
child would have bravery and wisdom to
rival his own, provoking Zeus to transform
Metis into a fly and swallow her in order to
prevent the birth of such a powerful,
possibly threatening, child.
►Soon
it was said that Zeus
suffered an unbearable
headache and asked his son,
Hephaistos, to cut his skull open
to discover the source of the
pain.
Hephaistos did so,
revealing the fully-grown and
armed goddess Athena, who
sprung from her father's
head brandishing her spear
ready to join them in battle.
►
Athens Government
► At
first, the leaders in Athens were cruel to
the common people. Eventually leaders like
Solon, Peisistratus and Cleisthenes changed
the way they led their people.
► Athens became a direct democracy.
 A direct democracy is
_______________________________________
 Cleisthenes developed democracy
How did this work?
► In
Athens, there were about 43,000 male
citizens, but 6,000 or less attended the
meetings which were held every 10 days.
► The meetings were led by generals who
recorded decisions. The meetings could be
very loud and fights often broke out!
Daily life in Athens
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Athens was the biggest city-state in Greece with 290,000
people.
Slavery was a normal part of ancient Greece
Most Athenian homes had at least 1 slave
Slaves did all the housework as well as tutoring and
working in shops
Social classes included:
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aristocrats(rich land owners)
small farmers
craftsmen and shop keepers.
foreigners
Slaves
Women
Making a living in Athens
► Farming
was the way most
Athenians made a living
They grew grains, olives,
grapes
They also raised sheep and
goats
There was not enough
farmland in Athens, so they
had to buy grain from other
city-states
Trade center of Greece
► Athens
became the trade center of ancient
Greece
► Traders came from all around to sell their goods
and trade for others
► Artisans made fine jewelry, pottery, and statues
Men
•Worked in the morning outside the home
•In the afternoon, they exercised or met with the
assembly.
•In the evenings, they gathered at men’s clubs to
drink, eat and talk about politics.
School—no girls allowed!
Only boys in Athens attended
school; they left home at age 7 to
do so
► It was extremely important for
them to learn all subjects
► They had three teachers:
1. One taught reading, writing and
math
2. Another taught sports
3. A third taught music and singing
At age 18, they finished school and
became citizens
►
Women
Not considered equals with men
Were not citizens and could not vote
► Were under the control of their
fathers and husbands
► Could not own property or
go out alone; had to be accompanied
by male relative
Home is where the girls were!
Girls in Athens stayed at
home
► They were very protected and
learned how to sew, weave,
take care of the house, etc.
► In some wealthy families,
they were taught to read and
write
► When girls married around
age 14-15, their lives revolved
around their home and
families
►
Greek Architecture
► Architecture—the
art of designing and
building structures.
► In Greece, the most important structures
were temples dedicated to their gods and
goddesses
Parts of Greek Temple
1. Temple worship area
Orange---main worship area with large statue of god/goddess
Green---treasury for the town
The Parthenon, Athens (448 - 432 BC)
This is the most famous example of Greek Architecture still standing
today. It contained a statue of the goddess Athena over 40 feet high.
The Acropolis
► The
Acropolis was a hill in the center of
Athens
► It was the center of life, the arts and
religious practices
► It was made up of temples, theaters,
government buildings and parks
The Agora
► The
agora was the
marketplace in
Athens.
► It was similar to a
modern-day mall
with shops that sold
or traded anything
you can imagine
► People came from all
over Greece to trade
The Agora Today
The Theater of Dionysus
► The
theater was
built into the side of
the Acropolis