Transcript un = not/none - Jessamine County Schools

ACHILLES AND EARLY GREECE
Week Two
super/sur =
over/above/beyond
superior
surprise
superman
un = not/none
unconscious
uncertain
untidy
bi = two
bicycle
binary
bimonthly
I. The Iliad and the Human Condition
Hector
Andromache
“. . . there at last his own generous wife came running to meet him,
Andromache . . . She came to him there, and beside her went an
attendant carrying the boy in the fold of her bosom, a little child, only a
baby, Hector's son, the admired, beautiful as a star shining . . .
Andromache, stood close beside him, letting her tears fall, and clung to
his hand and called him by name and spoke to him: 'Dearest, your own
great strength will be your death, and you have no pity on your little
son, nor on me, ill-starred, who soon must be your widow.’ Hector
answered, 'All these things are in my mind also, lady; yet I would feel
deep shame before the Trojans, and the Trojan women with trailing
garments, if like a coward I were to shrink aside from the fighting; and
the spirit will not let me, since I have learned to be valiant and to fight
always among the foremost ranks of the Trojans, winning for my own
self great glory, and for my father.” . . . Then taking up his dear son he
tossed him about in his arms, and kissed him, and lifted his voice in
prayer to Zeus and the other immortals: 'Zeus, and you other immortals,
grant that this boy, who is my son, may be as I am, pre-eminent among
the Trojans, great in strength, as am I, and rule strongly over Ilion; and
some day let them say of him: "He is better by far than his father,” as
he comes in from the fighting; and let him kill his enemy and bring home
the blooded spoils, and delight the heart of his mother.”
I. The Iliad and the Human Condition
Hector
Achilles
Troy (2004)
I. The Iliad and the Human Condition
I. The Iliad and the Human Condition

Depicts many elements of the human condition: life,
love, depravity, suffering, redemption, death
Late fifth-century manuscript
Greek Cities and Colonies of the Archaic Age
dis = not/none
disconnect
disorganized
disrespectful
inter = between/among
Internet
interstate
interpreter
circ = around
circle
circulatory
circumference
II. Bronze-Age Greece
A. Islands of peace



Minoan cultures
Relatively equitable
social structures
Unfortified towns
II. Bronze-Age Greece
B. Mycenaean
culture of war

Walled cities,
extensive
militarization,
economic
stratification
(1600 BCE)
Mycenaean citadel
II. Bronze-Age Greece
C. Greek “dark age”




Constant rivalry and warfare
Overpopulation and migration
Written language lost
Steady decline from 1200700 BCE
Death mask
III. Archaic Greece (700-500 BCE)
A. Polis
 Foundation
of Greek life
 Origins: an elevated
area (acropolis) that held
the agora
 First republic: a true
monarchy replaced with
an aristocratic republic.
 Limits: women and slaves
 Hoplites: fighting in
community
III. Archaic Greece
“Greek Gods and Goddesses”
III. Archaic Greece
B. Religion
 Polytheism
 Anthropomorphism
 Temples:
Olympia
and Delphi
 Rationality
Arrichion
III. A Tale of Three Cities
A. Wealthy Corinth
B. Martial Sparta
C. Democratic Athens
Scenes of Corinth
A. Wealthy Corinth


Geography: a rich
coastal plain and an
isthmus
Wealth: role of the
isthmus
Crossing the Corinthian isthmus
Paul and Corinth



Paul’s Corinth not the
same—at least not
physically
Visited twice
Wrote at least two
letters to Corinth that
reflect the difficulties
of trying to spread the
gospel in a
cosmopolitan city
quad = four
quadruped
quadrant
quadruplets
trans = across/through
transportation
trans-Atlantic
Transformers
Mal = bad/wrong/ill
malignant
malnutrition
malfunction
B. Martial Sparta

Martial structure
 Society:
Warriors, helots,
and perioikoi
 Government: At
the head of the
government were
two kings who
served as the
commanders of
the state army
B. Martial Sparta

Peloponnesian League
Alliance: In place by 500 BCE
and led by Sparta
 Power: Made Sparta the most
powerful polis; defense from
Persians


Social control
Eunomia: elevation of duty and
patriotism over individual
interest. All about unity.
 State control

King Leonidas I
C. Democratic Athens

Cleisthenes and
democracy
 Reform:
After a series of
tyrants, Cleisthenes seeks to
democratize the state
 Council of Five Hundred: all
male citizens over the age of
30 must serve at least one
term
 Limits
The father of Athenian
democracy
The Pnyx, the meeting place of Athenian citizens
Paul and Athens

“Now while Paul was
waiting for them at
Athens, his spirit was
provoked within him as
he saw that the city was
full of idols. So he
argued in the
synagogue with the Jews
and the devout persons,
and in the market place
every day with those
who chanced to be
there. Some also of the
Epicurean and Stoic
philosophers met him.”
--Acts 17:16-18}
IV. Epilogue

Orders of classical architecture
 Corinthian
 Doric
(Sparta)
 Ionic (Athens)

A democracy of limits
 Elevation
of principles: of freedom, equality, and civic
involvement
 Irony: But often based on oppression and exploitation