Transcript Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece
Ms. Orville
Do now: How is ancient Greece
remembered?
Geography of Greece
* Greece is a small country in
Europe.
* Greece is near the
Mediterranean Sea.
* The main part of Greece is on a
peninsula.
* A peninsula is a body of land
surrounded by water on three
sides.
* The rest of Greece is made up
of islands.
Do Now: What type of map is this?
Map of the Mediterranean world
Geography of Ancient Greece


The geography of Greece encouraged the growth of independent
communities that shared a common culture

Many islands & a peninsula

Archipelago- chain of islands

Mountains are a major landform

Only 1/5 of the land is good for growing crops
Impact of Geography on Greece


Isolation/seclusion

Greek communities thought of themselves as different countries

Each community developed its own customs and beliefs
Protection

Mountains

The Mediterranean Sea
Impact of Geography on Greece: mountains


Isolation/seclusion

Greek communities
thought of
themselves as
different countries

Each community
developed its own
customs and
beliefs
Protection

Mountains formed
natural boundaries
& protection
Delphi
Greek City-States
Because Greece is made
up of many islands, and
has many tall
mountains, the Greeks
began to build citystates instead of one
country.
 A city-state is a city
with its own laws,
rulers, and money.
 City-states were cities
that acted like
countries.

Religious beliefs

Polytheistic: worshipped
many gods
 Told
in myths [[Greek
mythology]]

Gods and Goddesses
 12
great gods led by Zeus
 Immortal-
lived forever
 One
god was honored by each
city-state
 Athena- Athens
Greek Gods &
Goddesses
Zeus- king of the gods (married to Hera)
Hera- the queen of gods and goddesses
Hermes- god of travel
Hades- god of the underworld
Poseidon – god of the ocean
Aphrodite- goddess of love
Ares- god of war
Apollo- god of music, sun, prophecies
Demeter- god of agriculture
Hephaestus- god of fire, metalworking

The Oracles

Sacred sites where gods spoke

Head of state often sought advice there
Origins of Greek civilization

Minoans on the island of Crete developed a sea
trade network and a vibrant culture, then declined
in the middle of the 1400s BCE

After the Myceneans came to power, focus moved
to the mainland

Around 1400 BCE the Mycenaeans controlled the
Aegean Sea and parts of the Mediterranean Sea

Mycenaeans wrote and spoke an early form of modern
Greek

Mycenaeans conquered others


Trojan War- epic poems: The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer
City-states developed

Family farms developed into villages
Sparta
Sparta was a Greek city-state.
 Sparta was very powerful and
had its own army.
 Sparta conquered other citystates to gain wealth and
power.
 There were three classes of
people in Sparta.
 Citizens, non-citizens, and
slaves.
 http://www.ancientgreece.co.
uk/sparta/story/sto_set.html

Sparta’s Classes
Only men born in Sparta were citizens.
 Women were not allowed to become citizens,
however, women were allowed to own land
and businesses, which gave them more
freedom than other Greek city-states.
 The second class in Sparta was people who
came from other city-states or other
countries. They could own businesses but not
become citizens.
 The third class was slaves.


http://www.history.com/topics/spartans/videos#deconstructinghistory-spartans
The Golden age of
Athens

Period of 479-431 BCE

Sources of Wealth


Trade

Silver

Tribute- payments made to Athens by its allies
Pericles

Powerful in Athenian politics

Supported Democracy

Introduced reforms

Constructions of Parthenon and reconstruction of the Acropolis
http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/athens/story/sto_set.html
Parthenon
Greek Architecture
Architecture
Columns
Frieze
Influence
on
America
Video: secrets of the
Parthenon

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video%3a+secrets+o
f+the+parthenon&view=detail&mid=573A4492FB50B5D2E1B
6573A4492FB50B5D2E1B6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR&qpvt=vid
eo%3a+secrets+of+the+parthenon
Greek life:

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?N=18341+42949
48812&browseFilter=d_Service:DE
Streaming,#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N
=4294948812%252B18342&Ne=18339&Ntt=&Ns=p_wtd%257C
1&Nr=&browseFilter=d_Service%253ADE%2BStreaming%252C
&indexVersion=&Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial
Visual and Dramatic Arts
-flourished during the golden age
Dramas
Comedies

Athenians were first to
write dramas

Made fun of well-known
citizens and politicians

Greek tragedies were
famous

Because of the freedom in
Athens, people accepted
humor and jokes


A serious story that
usually ends in disaster
for the main character
Tragedies were
preformed as part of the
religious festivals
Olympics

The first Olympics were in the year
776 BC.

They were first held in a valley at
the base of Mt. Olympus.

The original games were held to
honor the god Zeus.

The games turned into a way to
see which polis had the greatest
warriors.
Modern Olympics

Revived in 1896 and first hosted in Athens, Greece

No women allowed to take part

First women participants:
1900 French games

Medals replaced the
laurel wreaths
Munich, 1972
 Olympic
games in
Munich, Germany
 Terrorists
took
several Israeli
athletes hostage
 They
were killed as
they were being
rescued
Government of Greece

Greece’s traditionally independent cities
provided the foundations of government for
government by the people

Democracy developed in Greece
 Around
750 BCE villages joined together to form citystates with their own government and laws.
 Most
city-states were controlled by aristocrats
 Middle
classes eventually took over government
 Around
594 BCE, Solon reformed the laws of Athens
 Athens
became the leading democracy of the ancient
world
 Only
men with Athenian parents could be citizens in
Athens
The Phoenician World
Greek Alphabet
-The Greeks borrowed
their alphabet from
the Phoenicians.
-Most European
languages, including
English borrowed
ideas from the Greek
alphabet.
The Greek Alphabet
Side A: Teacher and student
with writing tablet
Photograph by Maria Daniels, courtesy of
the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin,
Preußischer Kulturbesitz:
Antikensammlung, February - March 1992
Side B: teacher and student
with stylus
Science and Philosophy

Philosophers (believed that people could use
powers of the mind and reason to understand
natural events)

Introduced new ways to think about the world

Sophists cleverly debated topics in public

Socrates asked questions that made people
think about what they believed, but was
condemned to death

Plato distrusted democracy- founded a schoolwrote The Republic his view of ideal society

Aristotle believed reason should guide the
pursuit of knowledge
Socrates
Socrates was a
philosopher of Ancient
Greece.
 A philosopher is someone
who tries to explain the
nature of life.
 Socrates taught by asking
questions. This method
of questioning is still
called the Socratic
method.

Plato

Plato was a student of
Socrates.

He started a school called
The Academy.

Plato’s writing took the
form of a dialogue
between teacher and
student.
Aristotle
 Aristotle
was
another Greek
philosopher and
student of Plato.
 He wrote about
science, art, law,
poetry, and
government.