Transcript Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece
2014 Student Notes
Respectively Submitted
Gloucester Township Schools
C. Stephen Ingraham
2014
9
Social Studies Block # ____ Name ______________________________
Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. McMaster
Date ___________________
Ancient Greece Table of Contents
1)Vocabulary of Greece
2) Mountains & the Sea
3) Earliest Greeks - (“Minoans” & “Myceneans”)
4) Greek Cultural Identity (“Stories & Legends” and “To be Greek”)
5)Athens
6) The Persian Wars
7) The Golden Age (“The Golden Age” & Achievements of the Golden Age”)
8) End of the Golden Age
9) Conquest of Greece (“Conquest of Greece” & “Building an Empire”)
10) Alexander’s Legacy
isthmus – a narrow strip of land connecting two larger areas of land.
cultural borrowing – adapting customs from one culture for use in another.
1
polis – a Greek city-state.
acropolis – a walled fortress.
agora – an open-air market and gathering place.
cultural identity – the connection that people of the same culture feel with one another.
epics – long story poems.
myth – a story passed down about an ancient god or hero.
tragedies – serious plays in which the main character comes to an unhappy end.
comedies – humorous plays making fun of political leader or traditional ideas.
Olympics – an athletic competition held every four years to honor the god Zeus.
tyrant – someone who took control of a government by force and ruled alone.
aristocracy – wealthy ruling class.
assembly – a group of lawmakers who make decisions for the whole community.
oligarchy - a small ruling group of lawmakers who make all the decisions.
Democracy – a system of rule by the people in making community decisions.
majority rule – allows decisions to become law when one more than half agree.
leagues – groups of friends or allies.
demagogues – bad leaders who make promises they couldn’t keep or led others into
making foolish decisions.
alliances – agreements between governments or city-states to help one another.
Athens - The main city-state in Attica or the southern uplands
citizenship - The status of a citizen and its duties, rights, and privileges.
deity - synonym for a divine god or goddess.
hellenistic - adj. Greek-like (Referring to the belief in an ancient hero Hellen)
mythology - a collection of stories passed down from generation to generation usually telling about
an ancient god or hero.
Parthenon - The chief temple of the goddess Athena on the acropolis in Athens.
Sparta - The main city-state in the mountainous Peloponnesus.
1. ____ A narrow strip of land connecting two larger areas of land.
A) myth
2. ____ The adapting of customs from one culture for use in another.
B) epics
3. ____ The connection that people of the same culture feel with one another.
C) tragedies
D) Olympics
4. ____ Long story poems are called?
E) comedies
5. ___ A story passed down about an ancient god or hero.
D) cultural identity
6. ____ Serious plays in which the main character comes to an unhappy end. F) majority rule
7. ____ Humorous plays making fun of political leader or traditional ideas.
G) demagogues
8. ____ An athletic competition held every four years to honor the god Zeus.
H) cultural borrowing
9. _____ This allows decisions to become law when one more than half agree.
I) leagues
J) isthmus
10. ____ Groups of friends or allies are known as?
11. ____ Bad leaders who make promises they couldn’t keep or led others into
making foolish decisions are called?
Chapter 7 Ancient Greece Song
You take the Minoans / On the island of Crete
They were seafaring traders / They were peaceful and sweet
They traded olive oil, wool, and pottery.
That’s what they’re all about! –(clap).
Chorus:
2
Tragedies are serious
Comedies are humorous,
Democracy is for us,
Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).
You take the Mycenaeans / On the mountainous peloponnesus
They were a warlike people / Their wealth was a weapon census.
They borrowed writing, customs, and religious beliefs.
When they invaded Crete. –(clap).
They tell of Homer’s epic poem / about the beautiful Helen,
Who was kidnapped to Troy / all the Greeks started yelling.
They fought for ten years, then tried the Trojan horse trick
That’s the only way they could win. –(clap).
Sung to the tune of the Hokey Pokey
Chapter 7 Ancient Greece Song continued
Chorus:
2a
Tragedies are serious
Comedies are humorous,
Democracy is for us,
Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).
In the city-state of Athens / 20 year old males could vote,
But no women or slaves. / They could only carry and tote.
Democracy, majority rule, Pericles, and Herodotus.
Hippocrates says illness is all about us. –(clap).
The Persians set out / to conquer everything in sight,
But the Greeks wouldn’t give up / and united for a fight.
Both Darius and son, Xerxes both did try.
Many Persians had to die. –(clap).
Alexander’s father died / so Macedonia wasn’t so great.
To conquer the known world / would be Alexander’s fate.
Around the Mediterranean he never lost a battle.
Spreading Greek culture all about. –(clap)
Sung to the tune of the Hokey Pokey
The city-state of Sparta / was afraid of their slaves.
So at seven boys & girls / left for camp with many a waves
To live and die with honor was the Spartan way
Obedience is what it’s all about. –(clap).
Essential Questions – Greece
•What forms of government existed in Ancient Greece?
•How is citizenship a key concept in the development of
civilizations?
•What skills must citizens have to effectively participate in
their democracy?
•How are the government structures of Western Civilizations
based on the
• political forms developed in Ancient Greece?
•What socioeconomic and social class differences were
evident in Ancient Greece?
•How were women viewed and treated in Ancient Greece?
•What evidence of Ancient Greek influence exists today?
•How does war change a civilization?
•What role did Greek gods and goddesses play in daily life?
•How did the Minoan and Mycenaean people influence later
Greek cultures?
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•What causes a civilization to decline?
Steps to Civilization
Hunters
1) Nomads
2) Band (clan)
3) culture
4) tribe
5) Civilization
Gatherers
Farmers
(agriculture)
CIVILIZATION a culture that has well
developed: a) Government
b) Religion
c) Learning (knowledge)
d) Writing
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I.
Five Minute Assessment
The Early People of Greece
3a
1. Ancient Greece developed on what?
a) an island b) the Balkan peninsula c) the Atlantic coast
d) Southwest Asia.
2. All are Greece’s physical features except:
a) Greece has a dry climate b) Greece has thin, rocky soil
c) Greece has few good harbors d) Three-fourth of Greece is mountains.
3. Because the rugged land makes travel difficult and trade almost impossible,
the ancient Greeks a) didn’t trade b) developed a network of roads
c) became fishermen, sailors, & merchants d) became dependent on others.
4. The earliest Greeks were a) the Dorians b) the Spartans c) the Mycenaeans
d) the Minoans.
5. An example of cultural borrowing is
a) the Minoans adopting Mycenaean religious beliefs
b) the Dorians invading the mountainous peloponnesus
c) the Mycenaeans using Minoan customs and language
d) Athenians imitating Spartan government
Do with pp. 211-2 “Mountains and the Sea” pp.212-3 “The Minoans” & pp. 213 “The Mycenaeans”
I.
Chapter 7 Ancient Greece
The Early People of Greece
3
A. Mountains and the Sea Environment
1. Greece is on the large Balkan Peninsula
2. An isthmus connects the Southern half of the Balkan Peninsula is called
the Peloponnesus.
3. Greece’s other physical features:
a) Greece has a dry climate.
b) Three-fourth of Greece is rugged mountains.
c) Greece has a thin layer of rocky soil.
4. Living along the Mediterranean coast, the Greeks become
fishermen, sailors, and merchants. They have little natural resources
so they exchange olive oil, wool, and wine for what they needed.
5 minute Assessment
Greek Cultural Identity
4a
1. What we know about the Mycenaeans comes from
a) the writing of the poet Homer b) The pictures on palace walls
b) the myths of the Greek gods & goddesses c) the journals of Odysseus
d) the legends written by Plato.
2. The epic “The Iliad” is a long story poem about a) the Greek gods & goddesses
b) a Olympic competition c) the Trojan War d) a hero’s return home after the war.
3. Greeks identified with their a) ancestors b) city-state c) their country of Greece d) leaders.
4. Greek cultural identity was all the following except?
a) calling themselves Hellenes b) having a common religion
c) having a common language d) being fiercely independent.
5. The Olympic games started out as a a) blood sacrifice b) athletic competition
c) religious ceremony d) training for soldiers.
Do with pp. 214-5 “Ancient Stories And Legends” & pp. 220-1 “To Be Greek”
Greek Cultural Identity
B Minoans
The earliest Greeks seafaring traders living on the Island of Crete
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C. Ancient Stories and Legends ( Pages 214-5) Mythology
1. The poet blind Homer wrote epic story-poems about the Mycenaeans
2. “The Iliad” is about the great Trojan War fought over kidnapped princess Helen.
3. “The Odyssey” is about Odysses return home after the war.
D.
To be “Greek” ( Pages 220-1 )
1. Greek identified with their city-state not their country of Greece.
2. Greeks had a Cultural Identity connecting to other Greeks.
a) They called themselves Hellenes, or decedents of a common ancestor Hellen.
b) They had a common Language, Alphabet, and Religious Beliefs.
(Zeus and other gods controlled daily events.)
c) Each city-states competed in the Olympic Games to honor Zeus.
Thrace
Macedonia
Mt. Olympus *
Aegean Sea
*Chalcis
*Delphi
Ionian
Thebes*
Sea
*Mytilene
Asia
Minor
*Phocaea
Athens
Pylos *
Kythira *
Mediterranean Sea
Sparta
Thera
Crete
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5 minute Assessment
Greek Cultural Identity
5a
1. To protect themselves from invaders Greek communities built
a) an acropolis b) walled city-states c) an agora d) an aristocracy
2. At first a tyrant ruled, but in some city-states the riches men shared authority and in a(n)?
a) aristocracy b) assembly c) agora d) polis
3. Spartan children were taken from their family and put in training camps at what age?
a) seven b) eight c) ten d) thirteen.
4. For Spartans there is no greater honor than?
a) to serve their gods b) to rule all of Greece c) to be a citizen-warrior d) to die in battle.
5. Spartan government was an oligarchy controlled by?
a) two kings b) an assembly of male citizens c) five ephors d) Dorian generals
Do with pp. 216-7 “Rise of the City-states” & pp. 217-8 “Sparta”
II.5 Minute Assessment
Directions: Write the word Athens or Sparta next to the description
5b
B. Sparta or Athens?
1.) _______ This City-State had two kings who had power in time of war.
2.) ________ In This City-State free men became citizens at the age of twenty
3.) _______ In this City-State men served in the army until the age of sixty.
4.) _______ This City-State had had an assembly called the Ecclesia.
5.) _______ This City-State had an assembly of five wealthy land owners.
6.) _______ In This City-State men only served in the army in time of war
7.) _______ In This City-State free men became citizens at the age of thirty.
8.) _______ This City-State children took 7 year-olds from their parents
9.) _______ This City-State’s government was a democracy.
10.) _______ This City-State’s government was an oligarchy.
11.) _______ This City-State had a military culture
12.) _______ In this City-State women could own land.
Do after pp. 217-8 “Sparta” & pp. 219-220 “Athens”
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Athenian Democracy
5
Participatory Citizenship
Aegean Sea
Spartan Oligarchy
Small ruling group
Assembly of 500
They set the agenda of
For the next meeting.
Assembly of Citizens
King
All free 20 year old males
can vote.
All decisions are made by
majority rule
Women & slaves were
not considered citizens
King
Assembly – 5 Ephors
*
Wealthy Land owners
made all decisions
Citizens
*
All free 30 year old males
Women & slaves were
not considered citizens
Mediterranean Sea
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III.
The Golden Age of Athens
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A. The Persian Wars
1. Around 499 B.C. Persia had conquered all of North Africa and
soon captured the Greek Colonies in Asia Minor.
2. In 490 the Persian King Darius I turned towards Athens,
because Athens had tried to help the colonies.
3. The Athenians defeat the Persians on the plain of Marathon.
4. 10 years later Darius’s son, King Xerxes, sends 200,000 soldiers
and 800 ships to attack Greece.
5. An outnumbered, but united Greek army and navy meets the
Persians. The Navy defeats the Persians off Salamis island.
6. Fearing future attacks the Greek city-states form alliances or
groups of allies.
a) Sparta leads the Peloponnesian League.
b) Athens leads the Delian League.
No 5 minute Assessment
Persian Wars
Aegean Sea
Invasion of
King Xerxes
480 BCE
Thermopylae 480 BCE
Persia
Asia
Minor
Marathon 490 BCE
*
Plataea 479 BCE
Salamis 480 BCE
*Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Sardis
*Athens
Invasion of
King Darius
490 BCE
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III.
FIVE MINUTE ASSESSMENT
The Golden Age of Athens
7a
Famous Greeks
leaders, scholars, philosophers, & writers in Athens
Directions: Match the leader with his accomplishments
a) studied law, economics, astronomy, and sports.
1. ____ Pericles
b) taught by asking questions
2. ____ Herodotus
c) said, “Philosophers would be the best leaders.”
3. ____Sophocles
d) said illnesses came from natural causes
4. ___Aristophanes
e) Leader during the Golden Age of Athens
5. ___ Hippocrates
f) wrote histories.
6. ___ Socrates
g) wrote tragedies or plays with unhappy endings
7, ___ Plato
h) wrote comedies or humorous plays.
8. ____ Aristotle
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III.B. The Golden Age
The Golden Age of Athens
1. After the Persians were defeated, a time of achievement
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began known as the Golden Age.
2. Pericles a member of the aristocracy led Athens’s Ecclesia.
a) Public officials and Jurors were paid a salary. So “No one is prevented
from service to the city-state”.
C. Achievements of the Golden Age
b) Pericles had government support for the arts & sciences. So artists,
scholars, architects, and builders came to Athens.
3. Famous Greek Writers & Scholars in Athens.
a) Herodotus – wrote histories.
b) Sophocles - wrote Tragedies or serious plays where the hero meets
an unhappy ending.
c) Aristophanes – wrote Comedies, or
humorous plays making fun of traditional ideas or leaders.
d) Hippocrates, was a scientist & doctor who said illnesses came from
natural causes and was not the punishment of the gods.
D. End of the Golden Age - In 404 B.C.E Sparta won the Peloponnesian War
e) Socrates – taught by asking questions
f) Plato - started a school called the “Academy”. He said,
“Philosophers, or lovers of wisdom, would be the best leaders.”
g) Aristotle - was interested in how things were. He studied law,
economics, astronomy, and sports.
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III.
The Golden Age of Athens
Q
A. Where would you go Athens or Sparta, and Why?
1. You were a teacher & scholar.
2. You didn’t want your children to serve in the military.
3. You desired more freedom to be yourself.
4. You needed protection.
5. You invented something
6. You were hungry.
7. You were an ambassador seeking an alliance.
8. You were a merchant seeking to establish a trading network.
9. You wanted to serve in the military.
10. You were a women and wanted to own land.
11. You had a new idea.
12. You were a builder and an architect.
13. You wanted a say in government.
IV. 5 Minute Assessment Alexander’s Great Empire
1. ____ Who finally united the Greeks?
a) Alexander the Great b) Pericles c) King Philip II d) Aristotle
2. ____ What philosopher taught the young Alexander
a) Plato b) Aristotle c) Confucius d) Socrates
8a
3. ___ How old was Alexander when he became king of Macedonia?
a) seven b) thirteen c) twenty d) twenty-five
4. ___ All are accomplishments of Alexander the Great except?
a) Conquered & ruled the known world b) Ruled Multicultural Empire
c) Freed former Greek colonies d) Began the Golden Age of Athens
5. ___ All are accomplishments of Alexander the Great except?
a) Conquered Persia b) Ended the Hellenistic Age
c) Crowned Pharaoh in Egypt d) Adopted local customs
Do with pp. 229-230 “Conquest of Greece”, pp.230-1 “Building An Empire”, p. 232 “The Break up of the Empire”& pp, 232-3 “Alexander’s Legacy”
IV.
Alexander’s Great Empire
A. Conquest of Greece
8
1. King Philip II unites Macedonia
2. Philosopher Aristotle to teach his son, Alexander
3. By 338 B.C. unites Greece
4. Allowed Greek city-states to rule themselves
5. “Greeks were not allowed to fight Greeks”
B. Building an Empire
1. In 336 B.C. 20 year old King Alexander
2. Rule the known world
3. In 334 B.C. he led 35,000 men frees former Greek colonies.
4. Conquers Persia
5. Crowned Pharaoh in Egypt
6. Adapted local customs
7. Ruled Multicultural Empire
D. Alexander’s Legacy
1. Built Greek-like cities named Alexandria
2. Began Hellenistic Age
(spread Greek religion, art, architecture, philosophy, and language.)
EUROPE
ASIA
ASIA
MINOR
*Pella
*Sardis
* Athens
Persia
* Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Syria
AFRICA
Egypt
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