Transcript The Wars that Shaped Greece

The Wars that Shaped Greece
Activity
• Make three power Point Slides that answer
the following questions about your
group/event:
1. Why did this War happen or Group form?
2. Give a Brief Overview of the War or a Brief
Description of the group
3. What were the effects of this War or Group?
First Persian Invasion of Greece
• Michael Magyar, John Agostinella,
Clayton Edwards, Cameron
Winterhalter
Why did this war happen?
• The invasion occurred because king Darius of
Persia wanted to punish the Athenians for
assisting the Ionian revolt against Persian rule.
Overview of War
•Invasion based on two campaigns:
•Each campaign was used to punish Athens
•The invasion was ended with the large battle of marathon where the small Spartan
army defeated Persians
Effects of War
• Athens and Sparta remained unpunished for
treatment of Persian ambassadors
• Darius began raising a large new army to take
over Greece
• Before invasion, Darius died and invasion was
postponed
Second Persian Invasion of
Greece
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Lexi Miller
Crystal Ecker
Tori Morgan
Maggie O’Hare
WHY
• Occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars
• The War, planned by Darius I’s son, Xerxes
• He planned the war because of his father’s
defeat in the first war.
Brief Overview
• The Invasion began in 480 B.C.
• It began with the Persian army, Hellspront,
marching to Thessaly.
• This lead to the famous battle of the Thermopylae.
• After this battle, the Persian army burnt Athens,
and took over major cities Boeotia and Attica.
• The Persians, however, were defeated in the naval
battle.
• Xerxes retreated to Asia after this defeat, fearing
the possibility that they might be trapped in
Europe.
Effects
• Threat of future invasion was reduced.
• Persian desire to conquer Greece was
diminished.
The Delian League
• Madelyn Estep, Rachel Goller, Ciara
Refosco, Matt Mullan
Why the Group Formed
• Following the victory of the Battle of Salamas
– During the Persian wars Ionian cities join together
in the Delian League for protection
• Placed Athens at the head
– Naval supremacy
Description of League
• Purpose: Continue to fight the Persians
• Members included the conquers of Skyros
Effects
• Fought in the Persian Empire
• Athens began to use the League’s Navy
– Leads to Conflict between Athens and other less
powerful memebers
• 431 B.C. Athens control of the Delian League
– Started the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian League
• Western Civ. Period 4
Why did they form?
• Sparta conquered Messenia in the second half of
the 8th century
• The Messenians were turned in to Helots, and
the land belonged to Sparta
• In the next century, the Messenians revolted.
However, the Spartans were victorious
• Sparta created a confederacy of other
Peloponnesian states
– Sparta was in charge and they would supply troops
– Each had its own treaty and sent deputies to help in
decision making
Description/Background Info
• The group was organized by Sparta as the hegemon
• It was controlled by the council of allies which has 2
parts- The assembly of Spartiates and the Congress of
allies
• No tribute was paid except in times of war
• After the Persian war the league expanded into the
Hellenic League
• This included Athens and other States
• Sparta withdrew and the Peloponnesian league was
refunded with Sparta’s original allies
What did they do?
• The group was the cause of the war
• Only Sparta could do something to change the group,
They were the only people that could call a congress of
the league
• After the war the group expanded
• They were led by Pausahias before he was recalled by
Cimon of Athens
• Sparta withdrew and was refounded with Sparta’s
original allies
• Under Spartan leadership the league defeated Athens
and its allies ub 404 BC
Peloponnesian War
• By: Jake McPeek, Joel Gramling,
Will Lowe, Billy McLuckie
Why did this war happen?
• The Athenians claimed to be the rulers of Greece
and this did not sit well with the Spartans. War
ensued over who was more powerful.
• The first act of war was Thebes tried to capture
by stealth Athens’ ally Plataia. This failed, and the
Spartan alliance began a seige of the city. As a
counter, the Athenian fleet raided the coastal
cities of the Spartan alliance.
Brief overview of the war
• War starts…431 b.c. to 404 b.c. in Ancient
Greece
• Fought between Sparta and Athens
• Sparta launched invasions of Attica
• While Athens took advantage of its naval
supremacy to raid the coast Peloponnese.
• The war was concluded to the signing of the
Peace of Nicias.
What were the effects of this war?
• The war reshaped ancient Greek world.
• Athens which was originally the strongest was
reduced to near complete subjection.
• Sparta was established of a leading power.
• Poverty widespread in the Peloponnese.
• Athens was completely devastated and never
regained its pre war prosperity.
• By Alexa Kennedy, Harmony Shepardson,
Oliva Hoover, and Pat Hannan
Philip II Invasion Of Greece
Why did this War happen?
• Phillip II wanted control of Eastern Macedonia. He wanted
more territory after centralizing Mecedonia. After he saw that
Greece was an easy target, he began to take over individual
cities throughout the territory.
• He saw a prime opportunity for expanding his empire from an
economical stand point and because of Greece’s weakened
economy and army. He was able to invade and conquer with
little opposition.
Brief Overview
• When Phillip II was a hostage in Greece, he
studied their military tactics, and how their
government was run in order to build his army
to beat them.
Efffects
• The final outcome of this event was Phillip II’s
takeover of Greece.
• His Son was Alexander the Great