Transcript 1 - A history of Rome 2011

A brief history of…
ROME
This is ROME… and this is ATHENS
Home of Asterix
and Obelix
ROME: home of
Julius Caesar,
Augustus, the
colosseum and
much, much
more…
CARTHAGE:
Home of Dido
(not the singer)
EGYPT: home of Cleopatra
ATHENS: home of
Socrates,
Aristophanes,
Pericles, vase
painters and
much, much
more…
AND…
SPARTA: Home
of the men who
braid their hair
before battle,
who train from
the age of 7 to
be warriors,
who are
generally
wicked-cool.
BACK ON TOPIC: This is Rome…
This is a bath (built by the Romans)
in Bath, England…
This is Rome…
Colosseum
Senatus
Populusque
Romanus
GLADIATORS
LIVED HERE
This is Rome…
The Pantheon
NEPTUNE
The Trevi Fountain
TIME LINE… BC - AD
13th Century
12th Century
Destruction of all major
Mycenaean cities
Legendary fall
of
Troy 1250 BC
– destroyed by the
Greeks
(except Athens)
11 -10th Century
Dark
Ages
in
Greece = (
9th Century
8th Century
Archaic
Age in
Greece
Phoenicians settle in
Carthage
7th Century
Rome is a small, primitive
hill settlement traditionally
thought to be founded by
Romulus 735 BC +
Homer ‘writes’ The Illiad
and The Odyssey
6th Century
Rome becomes a
republic after expulsion of
Tarquin the
Proud in 510 BC.
Begins conquest of Italy
5th Century
Persian Wars
Golden Age of
Greece: Pericles in charge
of Athens
Peloponnesian War
– 431 – 404 BC
4th Century
Philip of Macedon unites
Greece by force.
Alexander the Great
conquers eastern empire –
dies 323 BC
End of democracy in Greece
3rd Century
Rome controls all of Italy
and begins to conquer
the known world
First Punic War between
Carthage and Rome – 264 –
241 BC
Second Punic War –
Hannibal invades Italy
– defeated 202 BC
2nd Century
Rome expands empire to
control Greece, North Africa,
Asia Minor
Carthage destroyed
146 BC
First civil strife in Rome 133
BC
1st Century
Octavian wins battle of Actium
31 BC. Attempts to restore
religion, moral values,
economic prosperity - Virgil
writes the Aeneid to support his aims
30-19 BC
The founder of Rome

Two brothers fought over the kingdom of Alba
Longa


Numitor – lost – de-throned
Amulius - won
 Vestal
virgin –
Rhea Silvia

Locked away and forbidden
to marry

Mars “visited” her = Conceived twins
Romulus and Remus


She was killed
Babies left to drown on river
Tiber
The She-Wolf - Lupa



She-wolf carried Romulus and Remus to
her den
Faustulus found them and took them
home – Palatine Hill
When older they
avenged their family

Put Numitor back on
throne on Alba
A New Home…


They left Alba to found a new city on the
banks of the Tiber
BUT where to build it?
Aventine
 Romulus – Palatine

Remus –

They waited for an
augury


Remus – 6 vultures
Romulus – 12 vultures
Long live Romulus!



Romulus and Remus argued
Remus was killed
Romulus built his city on the banks of the
1 Century
Tiber
st
8th Century
A kingdom…

Agricultural people




Small cluster of hills
Pastures and crops, herds and
flocks
Rome founded 753BC
Ruled by kings for 250 years
approx.
 Tarquin


the Proud
Too arrogant and tyrannical
Expelled 510 BC
…To Republic…


509 BC – wealthy
landowners established a
republic
Governed by magistrates

Elect annually


Next 500 years – expands


Serve 1 year
Took control of most of
Mediterranean Sea
100 years of civil strife
Julius Caesar

Defeated opponent Pompey

Was assassinated in

Dictator perpetuus
(dictator for
life)
 Ides

of March
(15 March)
Et tu Brute
 And you, Brutus
44 BC
…To Empire…
 Julius
Caesar’s nephew
 Octavian – adopted heir

Octavian defeated

Octavian took title of:
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
at the Battle of Actium
– 31 BC
princeps (first citizen)
 imperator (commander of the army)


Emperor NOT king (rex)
Greeks




Romans had close ties
with Greeks for over 400
years
Absorbed in 146 BC
More advanced and
original
Supplied Romans with
myths and ideas about
their own gods



1 Million people in AD 1
Attracted people from all
over the world
Not a pure race


Foreigners made up more
than half of population
NB. Our knowledge
comes from a small,
articulate and highly
educated Romans

Represent only very small
class
Rome
Augustus…





Very important
Old beliefs neglected
Rebuilt temples
Revived old ways of
worship
Roman empire
threatening to fall apart
Augustus…
Ruled 45 years
died AD 14
Just incase you were
wondering:
Last Emperor of
Rome
Romulus
Augustulus
– deposed by
barbarians
AD 476
But what did the Roman’s do for us?
Aqueducts, sanitation, roads, irrigation, medicine,
public baths, wine, keeping the peace, education,
brought peace
Earliest Roman Religion



Humans feared nature
Early Romans – farmers
World inhabited by spirits



numina or numen
Religion = contract

Religio = linking/binding

Business relationship
Observe seasons – elaborate annual
calendar full of festivals and rituals
The Gods




Were feared and respected
Were a combination of other cultures
deities
Romans had a close relationship with
Greece
The Greek’s myths and gods became
Roman’s myths and gods
13th
12th
Legendary
fall of Troy 1250 BC – destroyed by the Greeks
Destruction of all major Mycenaean cities (except Athens)
11th -10th
9th
8th
Dark Ages in Greece
7th
6th
Archaic Age in Greece
5th
Phoenicians settle in
Carthage
Rome is a small, primitive hill settlement traditionally thought to be founded by
Romulus 735 BC + Homer ‘writes’ The Illiad and The
Odyssey
Rome becomes a republic after expulsion of
Tarquin the Proud in 510
BC. Begins conquest of Italy
Persian Wars
Golden Age of Greece: Pericles in charge of Athens
Peloponnesian War – 431 – 404 BC
4th
Philip of Macedon unites Greece by force. Alexander the
Great conquers eastern empire – dies 323 BC
End of democracy in Greece
3rd
Rome controls all of Italy and begins to conquer the known
world
First Punic War between Carthage and Rome – 264 – 241 BC
Second Punic War – Hannibal invades Italy – defeated 202 BC
2nd
Rome expands empire to control Greece, North Africa, Asia Minor
Carthage destroyed 146 BC
First civil strife in Rome 133 BC
1st
Octavian wins battle of Actium 31 BC. Attempts to restore
religion, moral values, economic prosperity
Virgil writes the Aeneid to support his aims 30-19 BC