Transcript Chapter 4 Greece

C4S1 Early Aegean Peoples
Minoans
• Successful traders, not conquerors; lived on Island of
Crete
• Rulers lived in large palaces, called Knossos
• Adapted ideas and technology from Egypt and
Mesopotamia
• Frescoes, watercolor paintings on the palace walls,
revealed much about society
• Mycenaean invasion led to the destruction of Minoan
civilization
C4S1
 MINOTAUR
C4S1
Mycenaean's
• Sea traders; spoke Greek
• Dominated the Aegean world from 1400 BC
to 1200 BC
• Acquired skills and customs from Minoans,
Egyptians and Mesopotamians; passed them
on the Greeks
• Lived in city-states ran by warrior-kings
C4S1
• Wealthy rulers amassed treasure
• Best remembered for role in Trojan War
C4S1
• Defeated Dorian invasion
Dorian's
• Sea Raiders from the North; spoke Greek
• Dorian invasions caused the decline of cities, trade,
and writing – Greeks took a step backwards
C 4 S2
Geography Shapes Greece
I.
Geography Shapes Greece
A. Landscape defines political boundaries
1. Mts divide the peninsula into
isolated Valleys; Island beyond
coast
2. Greeks build small city-states, cut
off from one another by mts or
water – each had its city, as well as the
surrounding country side.
C4S2
B. Life by the Sea
1. Sea linked Greece to outside world
2. Skilled sailors, trade grows
3. population grew, limited farmland, Greek
colonies around Mediterranean
Map of Ancient Greece
 ..\..\..\Google Eart Links\Greece.kmz
C4S2
II. Governing City States
A. Polis/made up of a city or town and
surrounding countryside; 2 levels
1. Top of the Hill/Acropolis
2. Main City/market,homes,public
buildings
3. male landowners hold all power
C4S2
B. Government Evolves
1. Monarchy/ ruled by king
2. Aristocracy/ruled by landholding elite
3. Oligarchy/ ruled by small,wealthy elite
C. Warfare
1. Technology
2. Phalanx 300 first battle - YouTube
3. Athens and Sparta, different ways of life
C4S2
III. Sparta: A Warrior Society
A. Daily life ruled by discipline
1. Spartan men prepare for military life
This is Sparta. Full scene. - YouTube
2. Strict, Harsh, Discipline good soldiers
B. Women of Sparta
1. Provide sons for Army
2. obey husbands,inherit property
3. Run house while men at war
C4S2
IV. Athens evolves into Democracy
A. Demands for Change
1. Gov. goes from Monarchy to Aristocracy
2. Merchants,Soldiers resent noble power
3. Foreigners Artisans resent not being
able to become citizens.
4. Farmers demand change
5. leads to call for Democracy
C4S2
B. Solon reforms government
1. appointed chief official in 594 bc
2. debt slavery outlawed;slaves freed
3. economic reforms introduced
4. Tyrants rise to power
Tyrant – people who gain power by force
C. Citizens share power and Wealth
1. Pisistratus grabs power and gives poor greater
voice; weakening aristocracy
2. Cleisthenes broadens power of ordinary citizens
C4S2
D. Limited Democracy
1. citizens could participate in Gov. ;
citizenship was limited to landholding
males
2. Women, merchants, foreigners and
slaves lack political rights
E. Women in Athens
1. played significant role in religion
2. managed households, secluded existence,
and rarely seen in public
3. most poor women work outside of household
C4S2
F. Educating the Youth
1. Boys attend school if wealthy; girls were
rarely educated
2. Boys learn to read,write,music,rhetoric
3. Boys receive military training,
participate in Ath. Contest, encouraged to
learn.
C4S3
Conflict in the Greek World
PERSIAN WARS
• Athens is victorious in Marathon
• Greek City-States unite against Persia
• Victory in Persian wars leads to alliance in Delian
League
ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
• Under Pericles economy thrives,more
democratic
C4S3
• Periclean Democracy is Direct, citizens take part in
day to day affairs of government
• Pericles believes all citizens, regardless of wealth
should take part in government
• A jury system exists; 100’s to 1000’s of jurors
• Citizens can banish public figures considered a threat
to democracy
C4S3
PELOPONNESIAN WAR
• Everybody resents Athenian domination
• Greek world splits into rival camps
• Enemies of Athens form Peloponnesian League
• Pelo War: Athens v. Sparta; last for 27 years
• With help from Persians, Sparta defeats Athens
• The war ends Athenian domination of Greek World
C4S4
Greek Civilization
PHILOSOPHY
• Sophists questioned accepted ideas
• Great Philosophers
Socrates
C4S4
PLATO
C4S4
ARISTOTLE
C4S4
ARCHITECTURE AND ART
• Architecture sought to reflect harmony in the universe
C4S4
SCULPTORS EMPHASIZED REALISTIC HUMAN
FORM
Greek Statues
C4S5
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
I.
The Empire of Alexander the Great
A. Phillip II conquers Greece
1. builds strong army
2. forms alliance with Greek city-states
3. Defeats Athens,Thebes
battle@Chaeronea
4. controlled Greece, is assassinated
B. Alexander takes Persia
Succeeds Phillip
2. Organizes, began conquest of Persia
3. Asia Minor to Palestine, south to Egypt before
conquering Babylon
C. Advances into India
1. Persia conquered, crosses Hindu Kush
into
India
2. Troops refuse to go further
3. retreats to Babylon, and dies early death
1.
II. The Legacy of Alex the Great
A. Cultures combine
1. Greatest accomplishment, spreading of Greek culture
2. New cities, Alexandria’s found all over empire
Alex the Greats Empire
C4S5
3. Greeks settled in cities, practiced Greek
customs
4. Alexander encourages the blending of
the
customs, marries a Persian women
5. After his death, Hellenistic culture emerges
B. Alexandria: Cultural Capital
1. Heart of Hellenistic world: Alexandria, Egypt
2. Home of almost 1 million people
3. center of learning; library all accumulated
knowledge of ancient World
C. New
Roles
for
Women
1. not restricted; learned to read and write
2. Royal women have considerable power
3. Cleopatra rules Egypt
III. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences
A. New Philosophies
1.
2.
Stoicism
Hellenistic art
a. Winged Victory of
Samothrace