Transcript Internet2: A Tutorial Part 1

Internet2: A Tutorial
Part 3 of 4
17th Brazilian Symposium
on
Computer Networks
Paul Love, Internet2
Chair, I2 Topology WG
[email protected]
Working Groups
Working Groups
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IPv6
Measurement
Multicast
Network
Management
• Network Storage
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Quality of Service
Routing
Security
Topology
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
IPv6
• Chair: Dale Finkelson,
Univ Nebraska, Lincoln
• Focus:
• Explore the rôle that IPv6 will play in the
Internet2 project
• Work with those interested in IPv6 to build IPv6
testbeds across the Internet2 structure, including
vBNS and Abilene
• Must be coordinated across backbones,
gigaPoPs, and campuses
• Must be interoperable among above and
between vendors
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Measurement
• Chairs: David Wasley, Univ California and
Matt Zekauskas, Internet2 staff
• Focus:
• Places to measure:
• At campuses, at gigaPoPs, within
interconnect(s)
• Things to measure:
• Traffic utilization
• Performance: delay and packet loss
• Traffic characterization
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Multicast
• Chair: Kevin Almeroth,
Univ California at Santa Barbara
• Focus: Make native IP multicast scalable and
operationally effective
• Must be coordinated across backbones,
gigaPoPs, and campuses
• Must be coordinated with unicast routing
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Network Management
• Chair: Mark Johnson,
North Carolina Networking Initiative
• Focus:
• Common trouble ticket system
• How can all our interconnects and gigaPoPs
and universities appear to be a seamless
whole?
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Network Storage
• Chair: Micah Beck,
Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville
• Focus: Develop and deploy a reliable,
scalable, high performance network storage
capability enabling broad access to stored
video, very large data sets, etc.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Quality of Service
• Chair: Ben Teitelbaum,
Internet2 staff
• Focus: Multi-network IP-based QoS
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Relevant to advanced applications
Interoperability: carriers and kit
Architecture
Qbone: distributed testbed
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
The QoS Big Problems
• Understanding Application Requirements
• Scalability
• Interoperability
A
B
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Routing
• Chair: Steve Corbato,
Univ Washington
• Focus: Internal & External routing
• Critical issues
• gigaPoP internal routing design
• Explicit routing requirement (the “fish
problem”)
• gigaPoP external routing recommendations
• Subscribers (Internet2 campuses)
• National interconnects (vBNS,
Abilene, and NGI networks)
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Nature of Explicit Routing
• Fish problem
• C1 routes via NSP1 and C2 routes via NSP2
NSP1
C1
D
GP
C2
NSP2
• One potential solution - MPLS
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Security
• Chair: Peter Berger,
Carniege Mellon Univ
• Focus:
• Authentication
• Application to QoS
• Application to Digital Libraries
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Topology
• Chair: Paul Love,
Internet2 staff
• Focus: Topology of Internet2
• Internal Internet2 connections
• Between I2 backbones
• Internet2 with other Advanced Research
Networks
• NGI
• International R&E
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Working Group Summary
• Internet2’s WGs focused on project’s
needs
• Complement IETF WGs
• Membership by invitation of the chair
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
IPv6
Internet2 & Abilene IPv6
Networking
with thanks to
Dale Finkelson, Univ of Nebraska,
Lincoln
Project Goals
• Deploying an IPv6 testbed
• Both in the vBNS and Abilene
• Understanding what IPv6 can contribute to
the research agenda of the Internet 2
project.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Abilene IPv6 Description
• IP over Sonet backbone
• This effectively blocks deploying IPv6 in Native
Mode within the backbone until
• Code becomes available for Cisco12000
• It is stable
• It doesn’t block multicast & QoS
• IPv6 will be tunneled through Abilene
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Equipment and Protocols
• The initial deployment will be with routers
donated by Bay Networks
• Routing will be done with BGP4+
• Some gigapops will implement tunnel
servers for local connectivity
• Gigapops with ATM connectivity will be
open to native IPv6 connections, others
will use tunnels
• Details still TBD
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Peering arrangements
• The IPv6 version of Abilene will peer with
the vBNS at two or more points
• MREN (Chicago switch)
• NCNE (Pittsburgh gigapop)
• AbileneV6 will peer with other providers at
the 6TAP (Chicago switch)
• ESnet
• CAnet3
• European networks
• AbileneV6 will be available at both of the
NGIX’s (3rd still TBD)
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Schedule
• vBNS network was in place by the end of
June 98
• Backbone deployment of IPv6 routers in
Abilene in the summer of 1999
• By the end of summer
• Initial connectivity to gigapops
• Connectivity to other IPv6 networks
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Working Group Agenda
• Preparing “Good Practices” document
for gigapop operators.
• Addressing options
• Configuration samples
• Working with the Abilene engineering
staff to implement the IPv6 network
• Design an addressing plan for Abilene
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Gigapop Issues
• Obtaining Addresses
• Multi-homing Hosts
• This is specifically a problem for multihomed
gigapops
• Providing DNS services for IPv6
• Providing either Native IPv6 or tunnels to
the backbones
• Providing IPv6 connectivity to their
customers
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Addressing Questions
• Who gets PTLA’s.
• Abilene, vBNS, gigapops?
• How do campus address relate to the
TLA’s?
• Can you do multiple addresses within a v6
host?
• For multiply attached gigapops
• Do you draw NLA’s from each provider?
• Do you do private addressing at the campus
• Some sort of translation at the edge?
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Possible Abilene IPv6
Backbone & Peering Points
Seattle
STAR TAP
& NGIX
New York
Cleveland
Sacramento
Denver
Indianapolis
NGIX
NGIX
Kansas City
Los Angeles
Atlanta
v6 Peering Point
nb v6 will be in v4 tunnels
inside Abilene
Houston
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Pointers
• General Information sites
• WWW.6ren.net
• www.ipv6.org
• www.6bone.net
• Site for implementations
• All of the above sites have links to sites where
implementation information can be found
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Pointers
• IETF Documentation
• www.6bone.net has a link to IETF information
• draft-iab-nat-implications-04.txt
• draft-carpenter-transparency-01.txt
• The Case for IPv6
• draft-ietf-iab-case-for-ipv6-04.txt
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Network Storage
Internet2 Distributed Storage
Infrastructure Update
with thanks to
Micah Beck; Univ. of Tennessee,
Knoxville
Bert Dempsey; Univ. of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
http://dsi.internet2.edu
I2-DSI Participants
• UT Knoxville
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• GigaPOP and
Campus Site
Managers
• UCAID/Internet2
Micah Beck
Terry Moore
Martin Swany
Judi Talley
• UNC Chapel Hill
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Bert Dempsey
Paul Jones (MetaLab)
Debra Weiss
Zhiwei Xiao
• Network Storage
Working Group
• Ted Hanss
Applications Director
• NC Networking Initiative
• Digital Library Federation
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
A Word From the Sponsors
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Cisco
Ellemtel
IBM
Novell
Starburst
StorageTek
Sun
DNS redirection
engineering effort
large storage & DCE servers
storage & directory servers
reliable multicast software
large storage servers
design collaboration
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Single Server Model
• High performance
locally
• Unacceptable
performance across
commodity backbone
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Relying on Wide Area QoS
• High performance
access with reserved
bandwidth
• Essential for real-time
communication
• Technically difficult,
expensive, not
generally available
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
I2-DSI Model: Replicated
Services
• Clients access nearby
server
• Everyone gets
performance
• Local resources
implement a global
service
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
I2-DSI Service Architecture
• Replication
general
users
• Rsynch+, Omnicast,
AFS/DFS
Novell Replication
replicated
core
• Resolution
• Sonar DNS, Distributed
Director
local
users delegated server
• Delegation
• Cache prefetch
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Internet Content Channels
• A channel is a collection of content
which can be transparently delivered to
end user communities at a chosen
(price,performance) point through a
flexible, policy-based application of
resources
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Server Channel Examples
• Replicated Web Servers
• APIs: Standard HTML, Active Server Pages
• Channels: Web sites
• Streaming Media
• APIs: MPEG-2, proprietary file formats
• Channels: collections of multimedia
presentations
• Executable content
• APIs: Java byte code, Tcl, Perl
• Channels: CGI programs
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Current Server Deployment
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
IBM Web Cache Manager
RS/6000 AIX Server
1 GB RAM
72 GB Disk / 900 GB Tape
ADSM Hierarchical Storage Mgt.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Infrastructure Expansion
• StorageTek
• 2 PC/Linux Servers
• 700GB disk, tape backup
• Novell
• 6 PC/NetWare Servers
• 100GB disk
• Smaller institutions or departments
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
I2-DSI Applications Workshop
Chapel Hill, NC March 4 &5, 1999
• 4 technologies
• Minnesota: Scalable Video
• IBM Research: Multicast, Filter and Store
• Moscow Ctr. for New Info. Tech. in Med.
Ed.: Semantic Text Analysis
• IBM Research: Narwhal Resolution Proxy
• http://dsi.internet2.edu/apps99.html
• Special issue of the Journal of Network and
Computer Applications (Academic Press)
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Application Strategy
• Chose initial applications
• Available or easily ported services
• Low update demands
• Port to an I2-DSI server
• Our development effort is limited
• App developers can have access to the
servers
• Distribute to homogeneous core
• Derive service abstractions
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
I2-DSI Applications
• Digital libraries
• Technical Archives
• Video
• Digitized originals
• Large data sets
• Medical imaging
• CERN instruments
• Satellite images & GIS
• Netlib/NHSR
Scientific software
• Red Hat Linux
Source code
• Viagenie
Net. Eng. Documents
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Replication Performance and
Scalability Issues
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Server placement
Server resources
Server description (metadata)
Server Channel description (metadata)
Object representation
Characterization of replication mechanisms
Channel-to-server mapping (subscription)
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
NetStore ‘99 Workshop
• Network Storage Technical Workshop
• Knoxville, TN, October 1999
• http://dsi.internet2.edu/netstore99
• Scope
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I2-DSI implementation
I2-DSI applications
Related networking projects
Storage technology
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Conclusions
• A server platform is in place
• Infrastructure development
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Service abstractions (search, computation)
Publication and replication protocols
Portable representation and API
Heterogeneous servers
• Six months to show results from initial
application development efforts
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Multicast
Multicast Update
with thanks to
Kevin Almeroth, Univ of California,
Santa Barbara
http://www.internet2.edu/multicast/
1999: A key year for multicast
• In the past, multicast has meant ‘MBone’
• Core set of committed users and engineers
• ‘Legacy’ non-scalable approaches to routing
• Our hope for 1999:
• Needed, new protocols deployed
• Enable scalable use of high-speed multicast
flows throughout the Internet2 structure
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Inter-Domain Guidelines
• All backbones will use MBGP/MSDP/PIM-SM
• MBGP: exchange multicast routing information.
• MSDP: connect SM clouds (source advertising).
• PIM-SM: shared tree routing protocol.
• Join/graft: only deliver traffic on links with
active sources.
• Backbones actively discussing/deploying
multicast peering:
• Abilene, vBNS, NREN, DREN, CA*Net2/3,
ESnet, NORDUnet, and SURFnet.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Latest Status
• Abilene tested multicast code: stable code
version found.
• NREN has successfully deployed PIM-SM.
• MSDP peering with vBNS and MIX at NASAAmes.
• Recently switched to PIM-SM (for load reasons).
• vBNS has has also had success
• Switched to PIM-SM recently.
• MSDP peering with NREN, Merit (others soon).
• MBGP w/ 8 groups + translation w/ 20 others.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Moving in the Right Direction
• Doing native multicast is the right way to
move forward.
• We are approaching the problem top down.
• Need to continue this effort into the
Gigapops and to member institutions.
• Economies-of-scale, in terms of manual
intervention, are significant.
• What does all this mean...
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Requirements for Multicast
• Raise the bar for Internet2.
• No tunnels: fully deploy native multicast.
• Peering must be done with MBGP(& MSDP).
• Institutions who BGP peer should also MBGP peer.
• Caveats:
• If no BGP peering (default), then the same for
multicast.
• If congruent unicast/multicast topology, MBGP
translate service may be available.
• Not a complete prohibition of tunnels, but…
• Be careful about protecting low-capacity
interfaces.
• Don’t create routing loops.
The Challenges
• Where things break:
• Multicast in multi-homed environments when…
• Switch-over of unicast to I2 but multicast is
still via some other network AND connection
is via PIM.
• RPF failures.
• Things are better when:
• Multicast is a true I2 service and
unicast/multicast topologies are congruent…
or,
• Network uses MBGP.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
The Challenges, Part II
• Top two layers are key.
• Need vendor support for inter-domain
multicast protocols.
• Vendor support is coming.
• Need network operators to be aggressive.
• Several have set the standard
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Solution: Two Action Items
• Communicate with upstream service provider
about how multicast will be delivered.
• High confidence in backbones.
• Abilene NOC (and WG) is educating Gigapops
(and members) about how to handle multicast.
• Members should be prepared to run
MBGP/MSDP.
• Pressure vendors to deploy these protocols.
• Many vendors have time tables for releases.
• Can deploy/co-locate multicast in parallel to
unicast.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Open Issues
• How does the I2 Multicast Working Group
assist in deployment of multicast from the
backbones all the way to member institutions?
• Use the I2 multicast mailing list (subscribe by
mailing [email protected] - place in the body
subscribe wg-multicast
• Collect experience and create guidelines.
• Protecting low-capacity multicast environments
from high-capacity groups.
• Replace dense-mode protocols with sparse mode.
• Set administrative boundaries.
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
Virtual Clinic Network Diagram
Navajo Nation
Downlink
GRC
Uplink
DS3
ATM
downlink
Switch
DS3
Satellite
Modem
SBS-5
Satellite
Modem
Chicago
vBNS
Router
ESnet
DS3
GRC
Uplink
ATM Switch
OC3
Uplink
GRC
Router
GRC
NREN
ATM Switch
NREN
GRC
Router
100BaseTX
Hub
Client
PC Host
With thanks to Mark Foster, NASA Ames
NREN
Navajo
Router
ATM Switch
NREN
NAS
Router
Sprint / NREN
WAN
OC3
Client
PC Host
Client
PC Host
Client
PC Host
NREN/NAS
Fast Ethernet Switches
vBNS
WAN
OC12
CALREN 2
UCB
vBNS
Router
UCSC
Router
Client
PC Host
w2w PC
ARC
Server
NREN
ATM Switch
SGI
Server
NGIX
UCSC
LAN
OC12
ATM Switch
ABILENE
WAN
OC12
Client
PC Host
Abilene
Berkley
Router
Client
PC Host
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99
NREN
Stanford
Router
CALREN 2
WAN
OC48
Stanford
LAN
OC12
The End
SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
25-28 May 99