Transcript The changing face of interconnect

ITU – Oman, Muscat, Sun 3rd April 2005
Interconnection and Price Regulation Workshop
The Changing Face of Interconnect
Mark Norris
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Session 2 Agenda
• The changing face of telecommunications networks
– The inexorable rise of IP
– The move to converged networks
• The differences between the old regime and the new
– …and what this implies
• Impact on interconnection
– In the short term, more to cope with
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– In the long term, a different approach
• Summary & Discussion
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The changing face of
telecommunications networks
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Voice futures
PSTN platform
maintained until
ready to replace
Customer demand
for Multimedia
Services
Develop Voice on
BB services
IP Clients
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Voice & Multi Media on BB
Replacement
With converged
platform starts
PSTN
2004
Broadband
& Mobile
Presentation
Natural
end of life
2008
New network delivering
analogue to end users
2012
Analogue
Presentation
2018
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The Network of Today
PSTN
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- Hierarchical,
- Based on Time Division Multiplexing,
- Centralized
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The Established Picture of Interconnect
Gateway
I/C
S3
T2
Trunk
I/C
S2
S2
T2
T1
T1
Local
I/C
T2
T1
Area
S1
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A
S1
A
S1
A
S = Switch
T = Transmission
A = Access
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The Network of Tomorrow
IP / Packet
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- Peer to peer,
- Based on Routing,
- Distributed
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The lessons of distributed computing
Central
Control
Total
Success or
Failure
Synchronous
Fixed
Locations
A basic premise of IP networks is that
intelligence is kept at the periphery not in the
core of the network
Distributed
Control
Packets based systems were devised to
withstand failures and are built to survive
equipment failure
Partial
success or
Failure
Highly distributed systems introduce a
greater degree of asynchronicity and
unpredictability
Asynchronous
The components of a distributed system are
not bound to a fixed location and can move,
even when in use
Changing
Locations
Distributed systems tend to grow organically,
rather being designed as a homogeneous
entity
Cooperating
Design
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Consistent
design
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Moving from the Old to the New
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The bare bones of a converged network
Service Execution Function
PSTN
Replacement
Intelligence
PSTN
Analogue COMBO
ISDN2/30
TA
Modem
Consumer
Voice
Call Servers
ISDN
DSL
DSL
Metro Node
MPLS
CORE
Route
r
Media svr
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Business
Voice
NTE
Gateway
TDM to OLOs
IP to OLOs
Business
Data
Multi Service
Access Node
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Many more control protocols
IUA for ISDN
Lines
MGCP
SIP for
Multimedia
Service Execution Function
Intelligence
PSTN
COMBO
Analogue
ISDN2/30
Call Servers
ISDN
SS7 – PSTN
SIP/T – IP
H.323 & SIP
TA
Modem
DSL
DSL
Metro Node
MPLS
CORE
Route
r
Media svr
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NTE
SIP For business
Services
Business
Data
MPLS
Multi Service
Access Node
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What is the impact of this Evolution?
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Networks and services
• IP addressing vs SS7 signalling
– Sharing same network vs dedicated (controlled) network
• Routing vs. switching
– separation of service creation and transmission
• Network independent vs. network centric service creation
– More scope for network independent service creation
Leading to ...
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 More opportunities for open interfaces
•
•
potentially wider participation and more competition in advanced
services
interoperability issues
 Geographically independent service creation
•
determination of applicable controls, licencing, law
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Blurred vs. clear network boundaries
• Blurred boundaries between network equipment and user
terminal equipment
• The notion of ”network termination point” is difficult to
apply
Leading to ...
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 Questions of interpretation:
•
where to draw the line between providers of communications
services and information society services
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Undefined vs. defined resource utilisation
• Connection-less vs connection oriented communications
• Dedicated circuits vs. multiple routes
Leading to ...
 Difficulty in relating resource utilisation to:
•
•
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Time
Route
 Need to redefine cost models where cost orientation is a
regulatory requirement
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Differentiation by service
• Converged network
– PSTN and other voice services, Internet, video reception, video
conferencing etc.
– A multi-service delivery platform for information society services
– Some services are currently regulated, other not
• How to interconnect an IP based network with a circuit switched
PSTN?
– With regulation likely to be based on the service being provided,
rather than the technology used to deliver it, the interconnection
regime cannot be determined by network technology
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Conclusions
Scope of interconnection regimes must be defined in
terms of service parameters!
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Issues for Interconnect
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A distributed telecom network
TDM
IP Voice
TDM
SP1 - IP
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IP
Analogue
Voice
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Many more ways to Interconnect
• VOIP Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP
interconnection – PSTN termination from SP2
• PSTN origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection – VOIP
Endpoint termination from SP2
• VOIP Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP
interconnection – VOIP Endpoint termination from SP2
• SP1 TDM Endpoint origination to SP1 – VOIP
interconnection – PSTN termination from SP2
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• PSTN origination to SP1 – VOIP interconnection –SP2
TDM Endpoint termination from SP2
• Ingress from PSTN ISUP network to SP1 – VOIP
Interconnection – Egress to PSTN ISUP network
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Interconnection and QoS
• Alternative strategies to achieve QoS for voice:
– over-engineering
– exchange of quality of service parameters
» priority mechanisms / access to reserved resources
– not yet standardised
• Lack of reliable QoS will favour bigger networks
• The move towards SLAs (and the perils therein)
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Conclusions
Service level agreements may become part of the RIO, as is
already happening in some countries (e.g. Bahrain)
Service level monitoring may become a task for regulation
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Service Level Agreements
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• Service level agreements are designed to
ensure that services by each party are to
agreed quality of service levels.
• They should support customer requirements
and take into account technical and network
performance parameters.
• There is currently no agreed quality of
service framework across the
telecommunications industry for
Interconnection
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The Perils of the SLA
• The seven basic rules for effective SLAs
– Is it simple?
– Is the measure the whole parameter you need?
– Can the measured parameter be controlled?
– Is the measured parameter a primary measure or a derivative?
– Is the measurement of the parameter a part of a control loop?
– Does the measurement period provide statistical significance?
– Is the measure a guarantee or a mean value?
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• The practical experience is different
– Mean time to repair of 4 hours = we have 4 hours to fix
– The law of unintended consequence (or what gets measured,
gets done, even when it doesn’t make sense)
– “Wall of death” effect (once the SLA is breached, give up)
– Buried diamonds (key information, lost in statistics)
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Summary
The face of telecommunications is changing
There is an evolution from circuit to packet technology
Hence there are issues to be addressed:
• Technical interconnect (which is likely to be the least
of the problems)
• Variety of interconnect possibilities
• Revision of cost models
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• Monitoring of service levels
• …..any more?
And it will get worse before it gets better!
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Discussion and Questions
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