Transcript the Presentation

UMTS and Beyond
Prof. Hamid Aghvami
Centre for Telecommunications Research - King’s College London
Wireless Multimedia Communications Ltd
Mobile System Generations

First Generation (1G) mobile systems were designed to
offer a single service, i.e., speech.

Second Generation (2G) mobile systems were also
designed primarily to offer speech with a limited capability
to offer data at low rates.

Third Generation (3G) mobile systems are expected to
offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in
different environments.

3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000)
worldwide.
UMTS
“UMTS will be a mobile communications system that can offer
significant user benefits including high-quality wireless multimedia
services to a convergent network of fixed, cellular and satellite
components.
It will deliver information directly to users and provide them with
access to new and innovative services and applications.
It will offer mobile personalised communications to the mass
market regardless of location, network and terminal used”.
UMTS Forum 1997
UMTS Main Requirements (3 Ms)

Multi-media

Multi-environment

Multi-operator
Virtual operators
Mobile Multimedia Services
Mobile Multimedia
2M
384K
64K
Video
Conference
(High quality)
Video
Conference
(Low quality)
Internet
Access
Remote medical
service
(Medical image)
32K
16K
Telephone
Conference
ftp
Voice
Mail
IP
telephony
9.6K
Telephone
2.4K
Database Access
Video
Catalog
shopping
Video on
demand
-Sports
-News
-Movies
Electronic
Newspaper
ISDN
Karaoke
WWW
e-mail
etc
Broadcast
Information
Distribution
Services
News
Weather
forecast
Traffic
information
pager
Electronic
Publishing
Mobile TV
Mobile
Radio
Sports
information
Leisure
Information
Electronic
Mail
Image
FAX
Data
1.2K
Voice
Symmetric
Asymmetric
Point to Point
Multicast
Multi Point
Different Environments for UMTS
Global
Suburban
Urban
In- Building
Micro-Cell
Macro-Cell
Home-Cell
Pico-Cell
First phase of UMTS

Europe has decided to adopt an evolutionary approach for
the UMTS core network based on migration from the
GSM/GPRS infrastructure.

For the actual air interface, a revolutionary approach has
been chosen. That is a new radio air interface for UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA).

There is another parallel activity concerning the UMTS air
interface using an evolutionary approach (an intermediate
approach).
Radio Access
Dual-mode
GSM
Infrastructure
Public
Network
NSS
PSTN
N-ISDN
B-ISDN
IP-based
Networks
Evolved
GSM
Radio Access
(GERAN)
And
GSN’s
New
Radio Access
(UTRAN)
Dual-mode
Evolution approach based on GSM Infrastructure
Evolution Approach
Evolutionary approach for the GSM Air Interface

In this approach the GSM air interface has evolved within GSM
phase 2+ to support higher rate data services. The most
important developments in this approach are:
1. General Packet Radio Services (GPRS )
2. High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD )
3. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE )
It is referred to GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)
UMTS – Phase I
C
HLR
Internet
Gc
GMSC
Gr
GGSN
D
Gn
Gs
SGSN
SMSC/
VLR
Iu,ps
Iu,cs
Iu,cs
RNC
….
Node B … Node B
.…..
……
Iu,ps
RNC
….
Node B … Node B
Packet Switched
(GPRS)
PDN
PSTN
Legacy mobile
signalling
network
Applications
& Services
SGW
Mh
Multimedia
IP networks
Mm
Ms
HSS
(HLR)
CSCF
Cx
Gi
Gr
TE
MT
R
TE
MT
R
Iu-PS
UTRAN
Mg
Gi
MRF
Gc
GERAN
Um
Mr
SGSN
Gp
MGCF
Gi
Mc
GGSN
Gn
Gi
MGW
PSTN/
legacy/external
EIR
Uu
Gf
Gn
GGSN
Other PLMN
SGSN
Signalling interface
Signalling and data transfer interface
Simplified architecture for the support of IP-based multimedia services in 3GPP release 5
New Functional Entities for the All IP Architecture
• Call State Control Function (CSCF) executes the call control. It is based on the
IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
• Media GateWay (MGW) provides an inter-connection from GGSN to legacy
circuit-switched networks such as PSTN.
• Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) controls the MGW.
• Media Resource Function (MRF) performs multiparty call and multimedia
conferencing functions.
• Signalling GateWay (SGW) performs signalling conversion to/from legacy
mobile signalling network.
• Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is an evolved HLR.
4G Concept
Towards 4G
User centric,
user controlled services
and
context-aware applications
4G Concept
What does “user controlled services” mean?
“ The user has freedom and flexibility to select any desired service
with reasonable QoS and affordable price, anytime, anywhere using
any device in a secure manner”
4G Concept
What does “context-aware applications” mean?
“ A context-aware application means the behaviour of the
application adapts itself to user context changes. User context
includes:
-user profile and preferences.
-user device and access network capabilities.
-user environment and mobility. ”
Technologies
Challenges
•
Convergence/integration/inter-working of all existing and
emerging fixed and mobile (wired and wireless) networks
including broadcast
•
Simple to select and easy to use desired services
•
Universal and low cost terminals
IP
Technology
Agent
Technology
Reconfigurable
Technology
Network Level Concepts
• Inter-working Concept
• Integration Concept
Interworking/Integration
• For the design of next generation wireless networks two different approaches
are currently being considered. They are:
- Interworking with next generation Internet (tight coupling)
- Integration within next generation Internet (very tight coupling)
• In the first approach, the access network and the core network use different IP
protocols and mechanisms and only the core network is considered as a
sub-network of the Internet.
• In the second approach, both the core and access networks use common IP
based protocols and mechanisms and the access network is considered as a
sub-network of the Internet.
Inter-Working
Billing
VHE
SIP Proxy
Server
Signalling WAP
Gateway
Accounting
ISP
The
Internet
Satellite FES
IP backbone
Context-aware information
Centre
Broadcast Networks
(DAB, DVB-T)
GSM /
GPRS
UMTS
IP-based
micro-mobility
Wireless
LANs
Integration
Applications
AP2
AP1
AP3
APn
Middleware
Service support sub-layer
Location
Accounting/billing
Media conversion
Distribution
Basic network management sub-layer
RRM
MM
IP-based transport NW
C/SM
Security
IP
QoS
ISDN/
PSTN
IP
IP
IP
Radio
IP
Radio
IP
IP
Radio
General architecture of the IP-based IMT network platform
Internet
Hierarchical coverage layers for 4G
IP-based backbone
Satellite
Global coverage
Regional coverage
National coverage
Local area coverage
DAB and DVB-T, DVB-S
2G, 3G and 4G Cellular
Wireless LANs
Personal area coverage
Wireless PANs
Vertical Handover
Horizontal Handover
The complexity of the problem: user prospective
From a user prospective
Multiple Heterogeneous network
operators
part of
UMTS
DVB
WLAN
Multiple user environments
accessed using
Multiple heterogeneous devices
owned by
heterogeneous users
Laptop
PDA
The complexity of the problem: network prospective
From a network prospective
Operators
Multiple Heterogeneous network
operators
Operator D
Upward Vertical Handover
23
(i.e. WLAN  Bluetooth)
providing
Multiple services
Operator C
2
through
multiple access networks
Operator B
to
users with heterogeneous devices
Operator A
Service A
3
Access technology
Bluetooth
GPRS
Service B
1
Service C
Service
Downward Vertical Handover
1 2
(i.e. GPRS  WLAN)
WLAN
A Heterogeneous Network Architecture
Future Internet
UTRAN
WLAN
4G RAN
PAN
Intra-Cell PAN
Ad-hoc Network
PAN
PAN
PAN
Core Network
Wireless
Access Network
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Open coupling
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Loose coupling
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Tight coupling
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Very tight coupling
IP network
SGSN
Inter-working examples - caching
HSS
Location
Query
(2)
Profile
Response
(3)
CSCF
Gateway/
IP
Encapsulator
Content
transfer
(5)
Request
mp3's / movie
(1)
Carousal
Generator
Content Storage
(HTML,Clips,
mp3's, games)
regional
multiplexer
MPEG-2
real time
encoder
MPEG-2
real time
encoder
DVB-T
ATM/
SDH
leased
network
Packetiser
Response
(4)
local content
IP packet
inserter
Transport
Multiplexer
regional
multiplexer
Stream server
l
te
Sa
Petrol station
e
lit
Cache Server
WLAN
Retrieve
content
Content
transfer
(6)
DVB-T
Inter-working examples
user centric
Delivery options
Content Delivery
Notification
Network provides device delivery options
including cost and delivery times
Content: video clip(15MB)
Service: Music Clips
Company: MTV
Please select delivery options
Send to PDA (5 eur) –15min
Send to office PC (10 eur) –7min
Send to STB (20 eur)-2min
User selects desired destination
Slide:30-40
Inter-working examples – network centric
Load balancing i.e. Using DVB to multicast or broadcast to large number of
users
Handovers i.e. Users in train moving outside the coverage of a network
Slide:31-40
Network Selection
Most Appropriate Network Selection Criteria
• Service Type
- Data rate
- QoS
• Available Resources
• User Context
- Environment (When and Where)
- Mobility
- User preferences
Convergence
Convergence of Cellular Mobile Networks and WLANs
Benefits
For cellular mobile operators
 Higher bandwidths.
 Lower cost of networks and equipment.
 The use of licence-exempt spectrum.
 Higher capacity and QoS enhancement.
 Higher revenue.
For users
 Access to broadband multimedia services with lower cost and where
mostly needed (e.g. in Central Business Districts and Business
Customer Premises).
 Inter-network roaming.
Convergence
Convergence of Mobile Communications and Broadcasting
Drivers
From broadcaster point of view

Introducing interactivity to their unidirectional point-to-multipoint
broadcasting systems. That is, a broadband downlink based on
DAB/DVB-T and a narrowband uplink based on 2G/3G cellular
systems.
From the cellular mobile operator point of view

Providing a complementary broadband downlink in vehicular
environments to support IP-based multi-media traffic which is
inherently asymmetrical.
Convergence
Benefits

Broadcasters will benefit from the use of cellular mobile systems to
adapt the content of their multi-media services more rapidly in
response to the feedback from customers.
Cellular
operators will benefit from offering their customers a range of
new broadband multi-media services in vehicular environments.

Users will benefit from faster access to a range of broadband multimedia services with reasonable QoS and lower cost.
IP Layer Model
Steve Deering - Cisco : Fifty-first IETF; London, England, August 5-10, 2001
IP Layer Model for WLANs
Higher Layers
Additional IP Functions
 Mobility Management
 Quality of Service
 AAA
 IP Sec
 Ad-Hoc Routing
 etc.
Native IP Functions:
 Routing
 Addressing
 Packet Formatting and Handling
Data Interface
Control Interface
 Error Control
 Buffer Management
 QoS Support
 Segmentation/Reassembly
 Header Compression
 Multicast Support
 Configuration Management
 Address Management
 QoS Control
 Handover Control
 Idle Mode Support
 Security Management
Lower Layers
IP Network Layer
IP Convergence Layer
IP Layer Model

The functionalities and structure of the IP layer model are not
sufficient and/or efficient to achieve the requirements of future
inter-worked or integrated networks.

No fundamental changes have been made in the design of IPV6.

The question is:
“ Are some radical changes needed to the IP layer model in
order to offer better solutions to the convergence issue?” If yes,
what are the consequences and implications?
Agent Definition
“ An agent is a software component (object) that is situated within an
execution environment (e.g. computers) and acts autonomously on
behalf of a user or process and has specific goal.”
AP
AP
AP
AP
2G, 3G
WLAN
…
Service Centre
AP: Agent Platform
Agent Technology
• Mandatory features
– Reactive: senses changes in the environment and
reacts in accordance.
– Autonomous: has control over its own actions
– Goal-driven: is pro-active
• Optional features
– Collaborative: communicates/negotiates with other
agents
–Mobile: travels from one host to another
– Learning: adapts in accordance with previous
experience
– Believable: appears believable to the end-user.
Mobile vs. Static Agents
request
respond
Client
Server
request
respond
Client
Server
“Software components that can migrate under their own control from host to host in a network or between networks”
Mobile Agents
• Mobile agents have already been used for network
monitoring and service delivery including education
at a distance.
• In an ever-increasing world of service providers and
service packages, a user demands a simple
approach to the selection of the desired service and
its delivery mechanism in real-time with least effort.
This can be achieved through the use of mobile
agents.
• The use of mobile agents can also overcome
the constraints imposed on applications by
the limited processing power and speed of
mobile terminals.
Agent Technology
An open question:
Static or mobile agents for wireless networks?
What are the pros and cons?
Re-configurable Technology
What does Reconfiguration mean?
“Reconfiguration refers to the software
re-definition and/or adaptation of every element
within each layer of the communication chain.”
RF
Front End
A/D Converter
D/A Converter
Baseband
Processing
User
Data
Re-configurable Technology
Benefits
• Users
- Select network depending on service requirements and cost.
- Connect to any network – Worldwide roaming.
-Access to new services.
• Operators
- Respond to variations in traffic demand (load balancing).
- Incorporate service enhancements and improvements.
- Correction of software bugs and upgrade of terminals.
- Rapid development of new personalised and customised services
• Manufacturers
- Single platform for all markets.
- Increased flexible and efficient production.
Re-configuration Procedures
Mode
Monitoring
Reconfiguration
Trigger
Initiated by network
operator or user
Mode
Identification
What networks are
available?
Mode
Negotiation
What is the most suitable
network (based on QoS, user
preferences etc.)?
Mode Switch
Decision
Download software
modules that are required
for the target mode
Software
Download
Decision on preferred mode
Reconfigure
Terminal
Re-configurable Technology
CHALLENGES
• Regulatory and Standardisation issues.
• Business models.
• User preference profiles.
• Inter-system handover mechanisms and criteria.
• Software download mechanisms.
• Flexible spectrum allocation and sharing between operators.
• Enabling Technologies (RF and antenna elements, ADC/DAC etc.)
Conclusion
IP Technology
Reconfigurable
Technology
4G
Vision
Agent Technology