Transcript Ch6
Electronic Commerce and the Internet Chapter 6 Chapter Objectives • Describe what the Internet is and how it works • Explain packet-switching and TCP/IP • Describe basic Internet services and the World Wide Web • Explain the differences between – Internet-based electronic commerce – Intranet-based electronic commerce – Extranet-based electronic commerce The Internet • A worldwide network of networks • Not owned by a single person, organization, or country • Internet Society (ISOC): All About The Internet • A Brief History of the Internet Growth in Internet Servers 34.5a 34.5b 12 Most Wired Countries Top Countries in Internet Use at Year-End 1999 Rank Country Internet Users (1,000s) 1 U.S. 110,825 2 Japan 18,156 3 U.K. 13,975 4 Canada 13,277 5 Germany 12,285 6 Austrailia 6,837 7 Brazil 6,790 8 China 6,308 9 France 5,696 10 South Korea 5,688 11 Taiwan 4,790 12 Italy 4,745 Source: http://www.c-i-a.com/200103iu.htm Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/arpanet1.gif Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/arpanet2.gif September 1971 Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/arpanet3.gif ARPANET, October 1980 Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/arpanet4.gif Circa 1989 Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/ansmap.jpg http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/ches/map/gallery/wired.gif What You Will Find on the Internet • Information – Text, video, audio, graphics – Databases, technical services, software • People – Electronic mail – Newsgroups How Does the Internet Work? • Packet-Switching Technology • Connecting Independent Networks • TCP/IP Packet-Switching Technology • Data sent in small standard sized chunks called “packets” • Packets have headers with addresses of sending and receiving computers • Users take turns sending packets • Packets reassembled by the receiver Packet Switching Connecting Independent Networks • Router: fundamental building block of the Internet – Has a processor, memory, and network interface – Has no software – Connects LANs to backbone WANs – Forwards packets from one network to another – Determines best routes for packets to travel TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol – Breaks information into data packets – Reassembles packets when received – Checks for lost packets • Internet Protocol – Each computer given a unique IP address – User name and IP address separated by @ • [email protected] Routers Enable Different Paths between Networks Technologies Enabling Internet Communication • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – International standard for digital data communications – Uses existing twisted pair cable • T1 Service – Leased lines from long-distance carriers • ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) – Method of transmitting voice, video, and data over high speed LANs Services on the Internet • E-Mail – BBC News | DOT LIFE | H@ppy birthday to you – Los Angeles Times: E-Mail Capability Changes Lives of Sailors Far Away – The Core Rules of Netiquette Other Services on the Internet • Telnet • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Listserv • • • • Usenet Archie WAIS Gopher The World Wide Web • The most powerful Internet tool • Accessed via a Browser – A simple user-friendly interface Web pages – Identified by a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) • http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html – Created with Hypertext Markup Language • Dave Raggett's Introduction to HTML • The Bare Bones Guide to HTML 20M - Total Number of Web Servers as of 8/00 10M - Apache Source: Netcraft Microsoft iPlanet Other eBusiness: Electronic Business • Dell Computers lets customers configure their own PCs online and track assembly and shipping status. • Trucking companies will tap directly into ordering system for earlier visibility on shipping schedules. • Retailers & manufacturers will monitor inventory databases instead of placing orders through sales. eBusiness • Pfizer, Inc. sends electronic version of drug applications to FDA: approval timetable ~ one year 6 months. • Intel, Inc.: 200 sales clerks from order entry to data analysis & customer relations. • Cisco Systems: 75% sales are online; 45% of the orders never touch an employee's hands. • Ford: international collaboration on the Web ~ “design chain management .“ XML: A Simple Example <customer-details id="AcPharm39156"> <name>Acme Pharmaceuticals Co.</name> <address country="US"> <street>7301 Smokey Boulevard</street> <city>Smallville</city> <state>Indiana</state> <postal>94571</postal> </address> </customer-details> Source: Short Overview of W3C, XML, and RDF - slide "XML: A Simple Example" A Model of Electronic Commerce A Model of Electronic Commerce Information Gathering Ordering Payment Fulfillment Service and Support Supply Chains • “… one of the most loudly trumpeted keys to eBusiness success”, and • “eBusiness is perhaps the most sweeping transformation of the corporate landscape in decades.” --Business Week • Supply chains Supply web SUPPLY “CHAINS” Suppliers Manufacturer Warehouses Retailers Consumers Information Goods: • • • • • • • Goods and services that can be totally digitized: migrating from atoms to bits. Internet services • stock quotes sport scores • financial services books • Web pages data bases • technical publishing (legal, engineering) magazines • travel services movies • online education music Products Material Information Steel, Cement Automotive Consumer Goods Office Eqpt Books, Magazines Newspapers Music CD’s Videos [from U. Karmarkar, 2000] Services Restaurants Retailing Construction On-line Data Television Education Consulting Information Goods • Costly to produce but cheap to reproduce. • They do not need to be inventoried. • Once the first copy has been produced, most costs are “sunk” and cannot be recovered. • Multiple copies can be produced at roughly the constant per unit cost. • There are no capacity limits for additional “copies.”