Transcript More
Introduction to Humanities Computing Spring 1999 Lecture Four Important distinctions Algorithm integrated Program circuit floppy plastic microprocessor stiffie rodent mouse Know your generations 1st vacuum tubes 2nd transistors 3rd chips 4th microprocessors Changes How do computers change communication? What do computers not change? Change? How we communicate Internet, E-mail, WWW, Chat, MUDs, IRC What we communicate Multimedia, Procedures, Agents Where we communicate Home Office, Virtual Spaces When we communicate Asynchronous Communication, Chat Pace of communication Pace how More ways = Faster? where More places = Faster? when More times = Faster? what More types = Faster? Cost how More ways = cheaper? where More places = cheaper? when More times = cheaper? what More types = cheaper? Theorum it is impossible most content-related to know your audience glitches once and for all in so computer-mediated communication the big innovation result from wrought by the confusion of computer-mediated communication one-to-many communication increase in with feedback * response * follow-up one-to-one communication expectations Network Varieties Alluquère Rosanne Stone The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age (1995) See Chapter Five “Agency and Proximity” for an engaging history of the CommuniTree BBS Pay close attention to how Stone portrays the link between the physical and virtual. Communication networks Semaphores Postal Service Rail network Telegraph Phone network Couriers TV Networks Internet Layers Some of the layers involved in connecting computing machines : Physical Layer Cables, Routers, NIC (Cards) Software Layer - Protocols and Packets Service Layer - WWW, E-mail, Gopher LANs Local Area Network Cable Network Cards Networked Devices Personal Computers File Server Net Printer Shared Devices WANs Wide Area Internet (US nets) Network CAnet (Canada Wide) Onet (Ontario Wide) McMaster Backbone Togo Salmon LAN Other Universities Other Buildings Movement of Information Packets 1. Your file is divided into lots of small packets. 2. The packets are addressed. 3. The packets are sent out. 4. Packets are reassembled into a file IP = From: and To: TCP = How many packets, order Information Shapes of Connection Daisy Chain Star Ring Remember the selection from Alluquère Rosanne Stone. What kinds of mental spaces do these formations evoke? Topologies Daisy-Chain Star Mainframe Modems Ring Terminal Star Mainframe Modems Daisy Chain Ring Modem Operates via telephone line connection Modem changes digital bits into analog signal and vice versa See demo on Computer Confluence CD What can you do with network? Application Share a Mainframe - Terminals Server Share a File Server File Server Swap Files (FTP) Send Electronic Mail E-mail Server Join Discussion Groups List Server (Listserv) Publish and Read Information (Gopher, WWW) WWW Server How do you connect? Direct Connection (You have an IP address) Internet Internet Machine Through Terminal an Access System (muss) Mainframe (Access System) muss.cis.mcmaster.ca Internet Stretch... What is the impact of Moore’s law on bandwidth? Bandwidth Basics Moore’s Law physical Bandwidth media & Processing Speed Which of these depends In 1965, Gordon Moore, Chairman of Intel network the traffic third element network growth predicted the power of in a silicon chip of theupon software protocols is aboutprocessor speed same price would double every eighteen network Storage Space ? months connection for at least two decades. End simple concepts when connected appear to become complex