Transcript Computer Concepts

Knowing Your Computer
 Software
 Files
 Data Storage
 Internet
1
Understanding Computer
Software Basics
 Software Determines
what a computer can
do.
 Software can transform a computer from
one kind of machine to another
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software can transform a computer to:
 Drafting station
 Filing system
 Flight simulator
 Calculator
 Music studio
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Computer Program:
 Is a set of detail, step-by-step instructions
that tell a computer how to solve a problem
or carry out a task.
 The steps in a computer program are
written in a language that the computer
can interpret or “understand”.
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Data:
 Are the words, numbers, and graphics that
describe
• People
• Events
• things
• Ideas
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software:
• Computer programs
• Data used by the programs
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software:
• Software may include more than one computer
program, if those programs work together to
carry out a task
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software:
• Software can include data, but data alone is
not software.
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software:
• For Example:
– Word Processing software might include the data
for a dictionary.
– Data you create using a word processor is not
referred to as software.
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
There are two major categories of
software.
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Understanding Computer
Software Basics
Software Categories:
• System Software
Helps the computer carry out its basic
operating tasks
• Application Software
Helps the human user carry out a task
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Software Chart
Software
System
Software
Operating
System
DOS
Device
Drivers
OS/2
Application
Software
Utilities
Windows
Programming
Language
Mac/OS
Productivity
Software
Entertainment
Software
Business
Software
Education &
Reference
UNIX
See Page 35
Defining and recognizing
operating systems
The Operating System:
• The operating system works between the
computer hardware and applications software.
• An operating system helps you start an
application, then it works behind the scenes
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Defining and recognizing
operating systems
Operating Systems:
• CP/M - Control Program for Microcomputers
• DOS - Disk Operating system
• Window 3.1, Window 3.11
• Windows 95, Windows 98
• Windows NT, Windows 2000
• Windows XP
• OS/2
• Mac OS
• UNIX
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See Page 39
DOS 6.5
C:\> |
Windows 3.1, 3.11
Defining and recognizing
operating systems
Windows 95 and 98
– Provides some basic networking
capabilities, making them suitable
operating systems for homes and
businesses
– They are classified as desktop operating
systems and would not be found on a
minicomputer, mainframe, or
supercomputer
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See Page 39
Defining and recognizing
operating systems
Windows NT, Windows 2000
– Are workstation versions of the Windows
operating system.
– Designed for the desktop but does support
small networks.
– Increased security,
– Greater reliability
– Ability to support specialized software
applications
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See Page 39
Defining and recognizing
operating systems
Windows NT Server, Windows Server
2000
– Are operating systems for servers.
• Servers
– Computers that provide centralized storage
and communications for local area
networks and internet sites
– Provides additional features for man=ging
the flow of data on large networks and
Webs sits
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See Page 39
Defining and recognizing
operating systems
What does the Operating System do:
• Control basic input and output
• Ensure adequate space
• Allocate system resources
• Manage storage space
• Detect equipment failure
• Maintain security
See Page 36 22
Defining Storage Technology
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See Page 43
Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Technology - Refers to a storage
device and the media it uses.
 Storage medium - is the disk, tape, paper, or
other substance that contains data
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See Page 43
Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Device
• Floppy Disk, Drives A:, B:
• Hard disk drive, Drives C:
• Other drives are assigned D: Through Z:
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See Page 43
Defining Storage Technology
 Computer terms to know.
• Writing data or saving a file The process of storing data.
• Reading data, loading data or opening a file The process of retrieving data.
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Specifications:
• Storage technology comparisons are often
based on storage capacity and speed .
• Knowing the characteristics of a storage
devise or storage medium helps you
determine which one is best for a particular
task.
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
• The maximum amount of data that can be
stored on a storage medium
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
• Data is stored as bytes.
– Each byte usually represents one character
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
The Bit !
• Short for Binary Digit;
– either 1 or 0 in the binary number system
• A BIT is the smallest unit of information
handled by a computer
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
8 bits = 1 byte
1 byte = 1 Character
A = 00000001
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
• Data is usually measured in Kilobytes (KB)
about 1024 bytes;
– KB = Kilobytes - 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
– MB = Megabytes - 1 MB = 1 Million Bytes
– GB = Gigabytes - 1 GB = 1 Billion Bytes
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
• When you read that the storage capacity of a
computer is 850 MB,
• It means the hard disk on that computer can
store up to 850 million bytes of information
• That is equivalent to approximately 225,000
single-spaced pages of text
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Defining Storage Technology
 Storage Capacity:
• Data is usually measured in Kilobytes (KB)
about 1024 bytes;
– KB = Kilobytes - 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
– MB = Megabytes - 1 MB = 1 Million Bytes
– GB = Gigabytes - 1 GB = 1 Billion Bytes
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Defining Storage Technology

Computer terms to know.
• Access time
• The average time it takes a computer to locate data on
the storage medium and read it.
• Millisecond (ms) - Access time measured in
millisecond, a thousandth of a second .
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Defining Storage Technology
Data Storage
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History of Disk Media
170KB
8 Bits = 1 byte
8½
5 ¼ SS, DS
5 ¼ DD
=
=
=
3½
3½
Zip Disk
=
=
=
160KB
1 Byte = 1 Character
360KB
1 KB = 1024 Bytes
720KB
1.4MB
100MB – 100 Million Bytes
250MB – 250 Million Bytes
CD
JAZ
=
=
650MB – 650 Million Bytes
2GB - 2 Billion Bytes
Defining Storage Technology
 Computer terms to know.
• Fragmented
A file is stored in many nonadjacent clusters
• Defragmentation - To rearrange the files on a
disk so that they are stored in adjacent
clusters
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Defining Computer Networks
(see page 49)
Defining Computer Networks
 Computer terms to know.
• Stand-alone computer - A computer that is not
connected to a network.
• Workstation - A computer that is connected to
a network using cable or other communications
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(see page 49)
Defining Computer Networks
 Computer terms to know.
• Network Server - A computer that is connected
to a network and that “serves” or distributes
resources to network users.
• Network Printer - Provides output capabilities
to all the network users.
• Node - Each device on a network, including
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workstations, servers, and printers
(see page 49)
Defining A Computer Network
Defining A Computer Network
(see page 49)
Defining A Computer Network
(see page 49)
Defining A Computer Network
(see page 49)
Understanding how the Internet
Works
 There are three kinds of computer networks
• Local area networks (LAN)
• Private branch exchange (PBX) networks
• Wide-area networks (WAN) or
[WWW] World Wide Web
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Understanding Multimedia Computing
Understanding Multimedia
Computing
 Computer terms to know.
• Multimedia
An integrated collection of computer-based
text, graphics, sound, animation, photo images,
and video. (see page 47)
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(see page 47)
Understanding Multimedia
Computing
 Computer terms to know.
• Hypertext - Documents that could be linked to
each other, Linked documents make it possible
for a reader to jump from a passage in one
document to a related passage in another
document.
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(see page 47)
Understanding Multimedia
Computing
 Computer terms to know.
• Hypermedia - The links in today’s applications
often involve graphics, sound, and video, as
well as text.
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(see page 47)
Defining A Computer Network
An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices.
The protocol determines the following
Defining A Computer Network
HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol. Is a convention for sending
messages from a server to a client by using TCP/IP
HTTP communications are in plain text and not Encrypted.
HTTPS – Secure. Enables you to make a secure Web server connection
by using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) SSL is an encryption
technology.
FTP – File Transfer Protocol. Enables you to transfer files between two
computers on a network.
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Enables you to send e-mail
over the Internet
NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol. Enables you to post, distribute,
and retrieve messages on Internet and intranet news Groups.
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. Is the standard language for creating
and formatting Web pages. Defines how text appears when viewed
in a Web browser.
DHTML – Dynamic. Refers to HTML extensions that support animations
and enable you to create interactive Web pages
Defining A Computer Network
Defining A Computer Network
(see page 49)
Understanding how the Internet Works
Computer terms to know.
• WWW - World Wide Web
• Web Page - World Wide Web consists of pages
which contains information on a particular topic
• Web Browser - Software to access World Wide
Web information
• Links - Pointers to other web pages
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator
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4 Types of Printers to Remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
LaserJet
Inkjet
Bubble Jet
Dot Matrix