Transcript CASSA Workshop – Facilitating Knowledge Fluency – Jerry Reed

Facilitating Knowledge Fluency
Jerry Reed
History Department
Sawston Village College
Why am I here?
Facilitating Knowledge Fluency
•
•
•
•
Introductory Task.
Knowledge and memory.
Fluency, Pre-testing and Practised Retrieval.
Facilitating Knowledge Fluency through
Memorisation Techniques.
• Outcomes.
• Conclusion and Recommendations for Further
Reading.
Introductory Task
We are going to begin with a simple test involving 30 words and
three basic tasks. All you have to do is listen carefully to my
instructions and carry out each task accordingly.
The basic tasks are called:
‘Spoken to the Left’ – ‘A or U’ – ‘Rate for Pleasantness’
Introductory Task
The task you have just completed was just the preliminary work.
Now I would like you to try and remember all of the words that
you were asked to judge in the previous task. You may omit the
practise words, but see how many of the others you can
remember. They do not have to be in the order I used them, I
just want you to see how many you are able to recall. Turn over
the paper you just used and write down as many as you can.
Introductory Task
The full list of 30 words is as follows:
‘Spoken to the left’:
‘A or U’:
‘Rate for Pleasantness’:
Hundred
Rate
Place
Entirely
Into
Hold
Thread
Fleet
Training
Else
Cool
Jump
Country
About
Window
Match
Melt
Only
Single
Yourself
Corn
Urge
Diamond
Welcome
Aeroplane
Fruit
Race
Winter
Disease
Nation
Mark your own list. How many did you score for each of the above
categories?
Knowledge and Memory
Willingham, D. (2008) ‘What Will Improve a Student’s Memory’,
American Educator, Winter 2008-2009.
Knowledge and Memory
“Memory is the residue of
thought. Thus your memory is
not a product of what you
want to remember or what you
try to remember; it’s a product
of what you think about.”
Willingham, D. T. (2009) Why Don’t Students
Like School?: A Cognitive Scientist Answers
Questions About How the Mind Works and
What It Means for the Classroom. San
Francisco: Wiley, John & Sons.
Fluency, Pre-testing and Practised
Retrieval
• Fluency: Knowledge fluency is a point beyond
mastery, it is the point at which cognitive processes
become automatic.
• Pre-testing: Used at the beginning of an enquiry or
sequence of lessons prior to studying the topic.
• Practised Retrieval: Use of low stakes tests and selfquizzing from memory throughout an enquiry or
sequence of lessons.
What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s? – Pre Test
Question
Q1
When Hitler was imprisoned for treason in 1924, where did he serve his sentence?
Name:
Choices
a. Spandau Prison
b. Landsberg Prison
c. Dusseldorf Prison
Q2
Whilst Hitler was imprisoned in 1924 he wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ to clarify and present his ideas about Germany’s
future. What does ‘Mein Kampf’ mean in English?
a. My Life
b. My War
c. My Struggle
Q3
Whilst in prison, Hitler determined that the best way for the Nazis to seize power in Germany was through?
a. Democratic elections
b. Another Putsch
c. Election fixing
Q4
Who lead the SA?
a. Ernst Rohm
b. Joseph Goebbels
c. Hermann Goring
Q5
Which new group that was fanatically loyal to Hitler was set up in the 1920s to act as Hitler’s personal
bodyguard?
a. The Steel Helmets
b. The Reichsbanner
c. The SS
Q6
Who did Hitler appoint as the head of Nazi propaganda?
a. Ernst Rohm
b. Joseph Goebbels
c. Hermann Goring
Q7
Who became President of Germany in 1925?
a. Marx
b. Hindenburg
c. Ludendorff
Q8
During the 1920s German workers voted predominantly for which political party?
a. National Socialists (Nazis)
b. Communists
c. Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Q9
The Nazis appealed increasingly to which social group in the 1920s?
a. Peasant farmers
b. Industrial workers
c. Wealthy businessmen
Q10
What percentage of the German population supported the Nazis in the elections of 1928?
a. 25.6%
b. 10.6%
c. 2.6%
What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s? – Pre Test
Question
Q1
When Hitler was imprisoned for treason in 1924, where did he serve his sentence?
Name:
Choices
b. Landsberg Prison
Q2
Whilst Hitler was imprisoned in 1924 he wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ to clarify and present his ideas about Germany’s
future. What does ‘Mein Kampf’ mean in English?
c. My Struggle
Q3
Whilst in prison, Hitler determined that the best way for the Nazis to seize power in Germany was through?
a. Democratic elections
Q4
Who lead the SA?
a. Ernst Rohm
Q5
Which new group that was fanatically loyal to Hitler was set up in the 1920s to act as Hitler’s personal
bodyguard?
c. The SS
Q6
Who did Hitler appoint as the head of Nazi propaganda?
b. Joseph Goebbels
Q7
Who became President of Germany in 1925?
b. Hindenburg
Q8
During the 1920s German workers voted predominantly for which political party?
c. Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Q9
The Nazis appealed increasingly to which social group in the 1920s?
Q10
What percentage of the German population supported the Nazis in the elections of 1928?
a. Peasant farmers
c. 2.6%
What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s? – Check Test
Question
Q1
When Hitler was imprisoned for treason in 1924, where did he serve his sentence?
Q2
Whilst Hitler was imprisoned in 1924 he wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ to clarify and present his ideas about Germany’s
future. What does ‘Mein Kampf’ mean in English?
Q3
Whilst in prison, Hitler determined that the best way for the Nazis to seize power in Germany was through?
Q4
Who lead the SA?
Q5
Which new group that was fanatically loyal to Hitler was set up in the 1920s to act as Hitler’s personal
bodyguard?
Q6
Who did Hitler appoint as the head of Nazi propaganda?
Q7
Who became President of Germany in 1925?
Q8
During the 1920s German workers voted predominantly for which political party?
Q9
The Nazis appealed increasingly to which social group in the 1920s?
Q10
What percentage of the German population supported the Nazis in the elections of 1928?
Name:
Answer
Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Circular Recall Challenge
8) Number of seats
gained by Nazi Party in
elections of 1928?
1) Germany’s super
chancellor appointed
August 1923?
__________
______
7) Party that gained majority of
radical worker votes in 1920s?
_________
6) Social group, praised by Nazis
as racially pure, that struggled in
1920s?
_______ _______
2) Economic Plan for
USA loans to Germany
signed in 1924?
_____ ____
Why did the
Nazis have
little success
before 1930?
5) Middle-class group,
increasingly attracted to
Nazis, that struggled in
1920s due to growth of
large department stores?
___________
3) Treaty of 1925 agreeing
Germany’s western borders?
_______ ______
4) Appointed by Hitler to be head
of Nazi propaganda?
______ ________
Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Circular Recall Challenge
8) Number of seats
gained by Nazi Party in
elections of 1928?
1) Germany’s super
chancellor appointed
August 1923?
S_________
T_____
7) Party that gained majority of
radical worker votes in 1920s?
C________
6) Social group, praised by Nazis
as racially pure, that struggled in
1920s?
P______ F______
2) Economic Plan for
USA loans to Germany
signed in 1924?
D____ P___
Why did the
Nazis have
little success
before 1930?
5) Middle-class group,
increasingly attracted to
Nazis, that struggled in
1920s due to growth of
large department stores?
S__________
3) Treaty of 1925 agreeing
Germany’s western borders?
L______ T_____
4) Appointed by Hitler to be head
of Nazi propaganda?
J_____ G_______
Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Circular Recall Challenge
8) Number of seats
gained by Nazi Party in
elections of 1928?
1) Germany’s super
chancellor appointed
August 1923?
STRESEMANN
TWELVE
7) Party that gained majority of
radical worker votes in 1920s?
COMMUNISTS
6) Social group, praised by Nazis
as racially pure, that struggled in
1920s?
PEASANT FARMERS
2) Economic Plan for
USA loans to Germany
signed in 1924?
DAWES PLAN
Why did the
Nazis have
little success
before 1930?
5) Middle-class group,
increasingly attracted to
Nazis, that struggled in
1920s due to growth of
large department stores?
SHOPKEEPERS
3) Treaty of 1925 agreeing
Germany’s western borders?
LOCARNO TREATY
4) Appointed by Hitler to be head
of Nazi propaganda?
JOSEPH GOEBBELS
Facilitating Knowledge Fluency through
Memorisation Techniques
• Elaboration for layers of meaning by: relating to what is
already known, explaining it to somebody else, creating a
metaphor or constructing a visual image.
• Generation: try to solve a problem before receiving the
solution by considering how it might relate to earlier
learning.
• Reflection: what went well or could have gone better.
• Mnemonics: Creating mental structures that make it easier
to retrieve information later. Examples include: acronyms,
acrostic poems and changed lyrics to well known songs
and tunes.
Using pages 262-263 of the textbook you should
recap each area of Weimar (Economy, Culture,
Politics and Foreign Policy). For each separate area
you should write a 15 word summary of the
problems that remained in each of these areas.
This means you will write 4 summaries in total!
What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?
Why did so many ordinary Germans vote for the Nazis?
C ommunist threat The CHEAPEN challenge!
H itler’s leadership Which of these factors influenced your
character’s decision to vote Nazi?
E conomic crisis Placed around the room are 7 large sheets
of sugar paper, one for each of these
Your task is to fill these sheets with
A rmed thugs (SA) factors.
short explanations of why they influenced
your character.
ropaganda
P
This influenced my character because…
E aknesses of Weimar Democracy
N ationalism
Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Task 1: Read page 267 of the textbook then complete the focus task at the top of the page,
which challenges you to place in order of priority your thoughts on why the Nazi Party had
so little electoral success in the 1920s?
Task 2: Design your own ACRONYM to help you recall the six factors listed.
Extension Task: Which groups of German society did the Nazis increasingly look towards for
support by the end of the 1920s and why did the Nazis think their political messages might
appeal more to these groups than the groups of society they had been targeting in the mid
1920s?
Where
are the
threats to
Hitler’s
grip on
power in Vote
for
this
diagram
of the
Weimar
political
system?
President
Oversees the system
Article 48
The President can
pass laws without
the Reichstag in a
crisis
Hitler as Chancellor
Chosen from the Reichstag by the President on
30 Jan 1933. He now leads the Government.
Reichstag
(Parliament)
Government chosen by “Proportional
Representation” so the number of
seats each party gets in the Reichstag
reflects the percentage of votes they
got in an election, e.g. 25% of the
vote = 25% of the seats in the
Reichstag.
Vote for
Electorate
All men and women over 20
Pass laws
A majority of
Reichstag
delegates are
needed to pass
a new law.
Who posed a threat to Hitler’s grip on power?
Construct an acrostic poem
using the key word ‘THREAT’ to
explain the threats Hitler faced
to his grip on power when he
was appointed Chancellor on
30 January 1933.
How did Hitler consolidate his grip on power?
Appointed Chancellor
Reichstag Fire
Elections of March 1933
Verse 1:
Verse 2:
Verse 3:
The Chorus:
How did Hitler seize control?
How did Hitler seize control?
How did Hitler seize control in
the 1930s?
(To be sung to the tune of
‘What shall we do with the
drunken sailor?’)
Homework Task.
Create six verses (one for each
topic in the boxes) to tell the
story of how Hitler was able to
consolidate his power by 1934.
Your verses must be factually
precise and, like the chorus,
should be set to the tune of
‘What shall we do with the
drunken sailor’.
Enabling Act
Night of the Long Knives
Death of Hindenburg
Verse 4:
Verse 5:
Verse 6:
Outcomes
170
160
150
140
130
Final Test (scored out of 30)
120
Check-test 9 (scored out of 10)
Check-test 8 (scored out of 10)
100
Pre-test 3 (scored out of 10)
Accumulated Pre & Check Test Scores
110
Check-test 7 (scored out of 20)
90
Check-test 6 (scored out of 20)
80
Check-test 5 (scored out of 10)
70
Check-test 4 (scored out of 10)
60
Check-test 3 (scored out of 10)
50
Pre-test 2 (scored out of 10)
Check-test 2 (scored out of 10)
40
Check-test 1 (scored out of 10)
30
Pre-test 1 (scored out of 10)
20
10
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Students
I
J
K
L
M
N
Outcomes
Student Written Assessments - Mark Comparisons
Student
Year 10 Mock – Key Question:
‘Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?’
Enquiry Final Assessment – Key Question:
‘Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?’
Part a)
describe [4]
Part a)
describe [4]
Part b)
explain [6]
Part c)
argument
[10]
Total
[20]
Part b) explain
[6]
Part c)
argument [10]
Variation
Total
[20]
A
4
1
5
10
3
5
8
16
+6
B
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
3
+1
C
4
3
0
7
4
6
8
18
+11
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
+2
E
1
2
1
4
3
4
6
13
+9
F
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
6
+6
G
4
0
3
7
1
6
9
16
+9
H
4
4
5
13
2
5
7
14
+1
I
4
3
1
8
2
6
5
13
+5
J
4
3
8
15
4
6
8
18
+3
K
4
6
8
18
4
6
10
20
+2
L
4
1
1
6
4
4
7
15
+9
M
4
6
7
17
4
5
10
19
+2
N
4
1
1
6
1
3
4
8
+2
Conclusion
How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933-45? – Pre Test
Question
Q1
When did Adolf Hitler become Fuhrer (Supreme Leader) of Germany?
Name:
Choices
a. January 1933
b. March 1933
c. August 1934
Q2
Who led the SS (originally formed as Hitler’s personal bodyguards, but became the organisation with prime
responsibility for destroying opposition to Nazism and carrying out the Nazis’ racial policies )?
a. Heinrich Himmler
b. Herman Goering
c. Ernst Rohm
Q3
What was the Gestapo?
a. The Nazi German Police
b. The Nazi German Secret State Police
c. The Nazi German Civil Service
Q4
When were the first ‘Concentration Camps’ established by the Nazis?
a. 1933
b. 1934
c. 1939
Q5
The Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens were set up as Nazi youth movements for boys and girls
respectively. In what year did membership of a Nazi youth movement become compulsory?
a. 1933
b. 1934
c. 1939
Q6
Who led the official Reich Church, a Nazi attempt to bring all Protestant Churches under Nazi control?
a. Dietrich Bonhoeffer
b. Martin Niemoller
c. Ludwig Muller
Q7
Who organised the huge rallies for Nazi supporters held in Nuremburg each summer?
a. Goebbels
b. Goering
c. Himmler
Q8
Where were the Olympic Games of 1936 held?
a. Munich
b. Berlin
c. London
Q9
What were the names of the brother and sister executed in 1943 for circulating anti Nazi literature around
Munich University?
a. Peter and Gertrude Klink
b. Hans and Sophie Scholl
c. Robert and Peta Ley
Q10
Hitler was almost killed in an assassination attempt instigated by some German Army officers in 1944. By what
name is this assassination attempt commonly remembered?
a. The July Bomb Plot
b. The August Bomb Plot
c. The September Bomb Plot
Chronology of Roman civilization
Features of Roman civilisation
c. 753BC
Approximately, the year that Rome is founded
509BC
Tarquinius Superbus is overthrown. Start of Roman Republic.
44BC
Julius Caesar is assassinated
1
The River Tiber gave the Romans easy access to the sea.
27 BC
Augustus becomes Emperor. Start of Roman Empire.
2
Rome’s location meant that it was protected from invasion.
324AD
Start of Roman Decline
476AD
Fall of Roman Empire
Geography
Farming/Trade
1
Trade meant that Rome could continue to grow even after it ran out of
its own agricultural surplus.
2
Wealthy people in Rome could benefit from luxuries from the Empire
Key words
1
Latin
The language of the Romans
2
Patricians
A small group of wealthy land-owners
3
Plebeians
The normal citizens of Rome
1
Romans felt that democracy made society fairer and more equal.
4
Twelve Tables
A list of laws explaining Roman law and government
2
Rome had a very militaristic culture.
5
Republic
A country or civilisation with democracy, not monarchy
6
Magistrates
were elected by the citizens.
1
At first, the Romans copied Greek polytheism with gods linked to the
environment.
7
Consuls
Two magistrates who commanded the army.
2
Later on, the Romans made Christianity the official religion.
8
Veni, vidi, vici
‘I came, I saw, I conquered’
9
Augustus
The first Emperor of Rome in 27BC
10
Gaul
The Roman name for modern-day France
11
Hispania
The Roman name for modern-day Spain and Portugal
1
The Roman army was a professional army.
12
Centurion
A soldier in charge of 80 other soldiers
2
The army built defensive walls and forts to keep control.
13
Via Appia
Rome’s first road. Constructed in 312 BC
14
Pantheon
The name given to the most important Roman gods
1
Roman culture spread throughout their empire.
15
Forum
An outdoor square which was a meeting place and market
2
Roman culture left a lasting legacy.
16
Colosseum
An amphitheatre used for entertainment
17
Atrium
The name for an open or covered courtyard
Rulers/Law
Religion
Science and mathematics
1
The roads the Romans built made it easy to move around the Empire.
Military
Culture
Which year?
Which year?
--------
27BC
Era of ___________
______ of Roman Empire
Name:
Start of Roman Decline
Start of Roman __________________
Era of ________
________
509BC
Augustus becomes
Approximate year?
Julius Caesar was assassinated
Start of Roman ______________________
________ was overthrown
------
Tarquinius
Approximately, the year Rome was founded
Year 7 - Ancient Rome – Timeline Task
Date:
476AD
Era of ____________
Recommendations for Further Reading
Willingham, D. T. (2009) Why Don’t Students Like School?: A Cognitive
Scientist Answers Questions About How the Mind Works and What It
Means for the Classroom. San Francisco: Wiley, John & Sons.
Recommendations for Further Reading
Carey, B. (2014) How We Learn: The Surprising Truth About When, Where and Why it
Happens. United Kingdom: Pan MacMillan.
Recommendations for Further Reading
Roediger, H. L., McDaniel, M. A. and Brown, P. C. (2014) Make it Stick: The
Science of Successful Learning. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of
Harvard University Press.