Transcript Invaders_and_Settlers

Invaders and Settlers
Interpretations – who tells the story?
possibilities for response
How to engage children?
Artefacts- museum, images, IT
Local connections
Story
Drama
Accessible written evidence
Cross curricular links
Key concepts chronology, change and continuity,
cause and consequence , bias significance relevance
Success criteria- process methodology
Creative outcomes
Key Questions- e.gs when? why? what?
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Why did the Roman Invade ?
Why did the Saxons Invade?
Why did the Vikings Invade ?
Characteristics of Roman /Saxon /Viking life
What made the Romans so Powerful ?
How and when did the invaders become
Christians?
• Why do we know little about the ‘Celts’?
• What can we learn from archaeology?
• What other sources are there? Interpretations?
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Chariot lynch pin
Mid-Late Iron Age, about 300BC-43AD
Linch pins were used to hold the
Found with a metal detector at Upham,
wheels in place on the axles of Iron
Age chariots or carts, and were often
elaborately decorated.. The Romans
were very impressed by the Celts' use
of chariots in battle. Julius Caesar
himself wrote "In chariot fighting the
Britons begin by driving all over the
field, hurling their spears. The terror
caused by the horses and the noise
are enough to throw their enemies into
disorder". The chariot drivers also
impressed Caesar: "Even on a steep
slope they are able to control the
horses at full gallop and turn them in a
moment".
We can only speculate on how this
lynch pin came to be lost at Upham.
Could it have become detached from a
chariot in the heat of a long-forgotten
battle, or did it perhaps fall off of an old
abandoned cart at the side of an
ancient track way?
Length 120mm. Diameter
‘Celts’ and Romans
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Pre Roman invasion British regional tribes-iron age
Non literate, pastoral, druids, horses chariots
Rural hill forts55BC and again 54 BC – Gallic Wars Julius Caesar invadesBritish resistance and British weather mean invasions do not
succeed
Trade links.. Objects .. Raw materials
AD43 Emperor Claudius invades – motives? – honour,
materials, Gaul
Client kings e.g. Cogidumnus Atrebates, Fishbourne
AD47 Maiden Castle Captured
AD51 Caractacus captured
AD60 Druid stronghold on Anglesey captured
AD61 Boudicca revolt- tribes subdued-n.b. sources Tacitus, Dio
Cassio, archaeology
Some Celts remain in West –
www.butserancientfarm
• Hadrian's Wall AD122 – boundary to Empire –
symbolic. Practical trade border?
• 5th (AD 400s) Century AD Roman Empire under
pressure Honorarius – withdrawal of troops
Legacy /Latin /evidence
• Arthur legendry character suggested as a
Romano British resistance leader against Saxons*
• Evidence sources Caesar, Tacitus
• Buildings, roads, coins, objects, Latin, chestnuts ,
chickens
• Christianity 313 Constantine permits worship in
the Empire
Writing from Vinolanda- I send you an invitation to come to us on September 11th
for my birthday party which will be more fun if you came. Give my love to your
husband. My husband sends his love to you and your sons
Lesson ideas
• Caesar – invasion motives plausibility
• Claudius- invasion motives- evidence and
advisers activity
• Boudicca Revolt ( Hants Packs)
• Lots of evidence on Roman life style
• www.history.org.uk
• Spy in the Roman Camp, Celtic Britain
and lots more good stuff see The Romans
Attack Maiden Castle| Roman mapping
• Build a Roman Road
More threats from the sea
The Saxons
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340-369 – Pirate raids on coastal Britain
Saxons as Roman mercenaries
Saxon Shore forts e.g. Porchester
Gildas’ ( British monk) written account – wages of sin
400-500 Picts Scots Angles Saxon Jutes invade Britainwhy? Wealth
476 Fall of Western Roman Empire Vandals
500 Kent and Wessex powerful
599 St Augustine in Kent re- introduction of Christianity
After c650 East Anglia , Mercia , Northumbria ( Oswald)
dominant kingdoms
C750 Offa of Mercia – Offa’s Dyke- keep Welsh Celts
out
Sutton Hoo burial ship
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C 624
King Redwald- rich
Pagan / Christian
Gold precious stones ( India)
Lyre -music
Bretwalda mentioned by Bede
Several kings smaller then
larger to main Saxon kingdoms
• Sutton Hoo treasure = culture
etc- le4sson ideas at
• www.history.org.uk
• Sutton Hoo activities
Silver penny of Alfred
Anglo-Saxon, AD875-885
From an archaeological excavation on the Cathedral Green, Winchester,
Hampshire
The obverse inscription reads, +AELFREDREXSA+ ('Alfred, King of the
Saxons') with the reverse reading, LVLLA MONETA ('Lulla, moneyer).
Weight 1.45g. .
On display at City Museum, Wintanceaster Gall
Bede
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• Ad 673-735 Jarrow
Tynemouth
• Wide interests and writing
well read
• Saw Viking raids as
divine retribution for sin
• Used term English from
Angles – specialness
• Viking raids contribute to
unity??
• Overlordship Bretwalda
• 660 Synod of Whitby –
Rome v Iona
Lindisfarne Gospels
• 635 Lindesfarne
monastery set up
• 731 Bede completes
Ecclesiastical History
of the English People
• 793 Vikings attack
Lindesfarne-start of
conquests in north
and east Britain
Viking raids
• From Norway and Denmark
• To – America, Europe, Asia.
colonies in Greenland , Iceland
Orkney ( Caithness till 1150s)
trading posts e.g. Dublin
• 830 raids Kent East Anglia
South coast
• 851 Over wintered in Thanet
• Motives- shortage of land
• need for fame and wealth
• Dangled – blackmail
• Farming and trading ( slaves
and commodities e.g. fur, iron
amber)
• Culture- initially Pagan Norse
gods Thor Odin oral sagas
• Later Christian
Vikings- Raiders or Traders
• Hants packsstyereotypes
• Texts
• Orkneyinga saga
• Anglo Saxon
Chronicle
• Beowulf
• Battle of Maldon
• Viking cities – York
Dublin, Kiev
Alfred the Great
• B 849 son of Ethelwulf had been to Rome with St
Swithun
• 871-899 Alfred’s rule
• Viking incursions – Northumbria taken and East Anglia,
East Midlands over run by 860
• 876 Jorvik established
• 876 Massive invasion of Vikings lead by Guthrum –
takes Wareham
• 878 Athelney marshes – England almost completely
overrun… legend of cakes
• Battle of Edington 878
• Treaty of Wedmore with Guthrun ( Aethelstan Christian)
established Danelaw• Alfred continues to establish navy and consolidate power
• Builds forts -
Alfred’s rule and initiatives
• Religious mission – raids punishment for sin
• Literate – translated from Latin works into Anglo Saxoneducation
• Monastic tradition
• Calendars and time keeping –
• Capital Winchester- scriptorum
• Life written by Asser – a monk
• Anglo Saxon Chronicles – Winchester Peterborough
• Legal code - - oaths, wergild =compensation, ordeal
(water, iron, choking) limited blood feud- synthesis of
Wessex and Mercia humane and Christian
• Layers of society warriors , monks, craftsmen , farmers
• See handout-holidays, society, glossary
And after…significance
• English language – Saxon / Norse ( literature Beowulf) –
extract reading
• Identity- ( Victorian reinvention, Imperial justification)
• Laws
• coinage
• Monastic tradition
• Saxon Kings till Knut ,
• Edward the Confessor
• 1066 – William of Normandy
• Activity- mapping language
Web sources
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Explore www.bbc.co.uk/history
Saxons, Vikings, Romans- adult site
www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk
www.collectbritain.co.uk
www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk
www.history.org.uk
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