Transcript Medieval (800-1400 AD) - Mrs. Duvall Art History

Medieval (800-1400 AD)
1.1 How did this period get its name?
Francesco Petrarch
▫ Italian scholar
▫ He said time had two
periods
 Classical period of Greeks &
Romans and the darkness
that followed
 Another name - Dark Ages
Leonardo Bruni
▫ Humanist
▫ He believed that the Roman
Empire would return to
glory
▫ A third modern age had
begun
▫ The age between the glory of
the Roman Empire and the
Renaissance was the
Middle Ages Brainpop
Characteristics
• Darkness, Death, Evil
▫ Gargoyles
▫ Black Plague –Brainpop
▫ Bubonic Plague song
▫ End of the world
• Light
▫ Stained Glass Windows
The Catholic Church
▫ Dominated life and
culture in Europe
 Daily mass
 Taxes
 Translation of scripture
• Indulgences-buy a
pardon for your sinsgo to heaven
Church
Believed in a physical Hell
• Culture was focused
• Must go to church
on the Christian faith.
• Quest for salvation ▫ Eternal life after death.
pilgrimages
▫ Church the center of
their towns.
• Pilgrimage: a travel to a
▫ Religious art appealed
particular place for a
to the emotions and
purpose; religious
stressed the
• Relic: an object associated
importance of religion.
with a saint or martyr
Castle
• Used for:
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Protection
Division
Isolation
Separation
• Surrounded by land units
• Feudalism
▫ legal/social system
▫ Servants lived and worked on lands
from Lords
1.2 Dance – Medieval
• Dance during the Black Death
▫ dead thought as dangerous and hostile to the
living.
▫ prevent the dead from returning.
▫ Music and dancing in churchyards might force the
dead to accept their graves.
The Dance of the Dead
• The figure of “Death” was an eerie “bridegroom”
whose purpose was to draw every person in
every social class to become his “bride”.
• rebellion against church officials, death spares
no man
• The Roman Catholic Church was outrageddancing “inspired by the devil”.
Dancing and the Church
The Tarantella (KET Dance DVD)
• became one of these
seizure-like dances also
referred to St. Vitus’
Dance,
▫ Legend said bite of a
tarantula spider.
▫ still performed today
▫ quick and physically
demanding
movements.
St. John’s Dance
▫ patron saint who
helped/protected the
sick.
▫ Leaps, turns,
screaming
uncontrollably, and
foaming at the mouth.
▫ Still around in Italian
provinces
Drama-Medieval
• started inside churches with music from the
choir; eventually moved to the town center.
• Early-performed on pageant wagons
▫ today parade floats
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Later-stages
Elaborate and spectacular.
colorful emblems (illiterate)
Smoke, flames and trapdoors
Only men
Types of Plays
• plays were part of large civic ceremonies and
pageants.
• Sponsored by guilds of artisans
▫ (goldsmiths, carpenters, etc.)
• Lots of money spent on play production
• Mystery- based on scriptural events especially in
the life of Jesus
• Miracle- portrayed the lives of saints and martyrs
• Morality- teaches the audience a lesson or a moral.
Music - Medieval
• Gregorian Chant
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monophonic
Some a cappella
During masses
call and response
The priest sings the lead phrases, the
congregation/choir sings the responses.
1.3 Byzantine Architecture
330-1450 A.D
• Three styles of Christian architecture
▫ Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic
• Geographical location Byzantine had influence
from all over the world
▫ Arab, Persian, Greek, Roman
Byzantine Architecture
330-1450 A.D
• Floor plan
▫ Square cross with a centered
dome
• groin vaults
▫ Vault created by two
interesting barrel vaults
Pendentives
▫ Triangular shape
between the
dome and the
four piers
▫ Supports the
weight above
Hagia Sophia
• Roman Emperor
Justinian ordered it
to be built
• It was to have the
highest widest dome
ever
• Modeled after
Pantheon in Rome
Hagia Sophia
Pantheon
Hagia Sophia
Byzantine design:
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squared-cross floor plan with a centered dome
dome-on-pendentives structural support system
exterior plain, little or no decoration
interior lavishly decorated with mosaics (small
pieces of colored glass or stone)
Romanesque Architecture
1030-1200 A.D
• Early Middle Ages
• Roman-like, blocky, geometric
forms, arches
• Cathedral in shape of a cross
• One-tenth of every man’s income was required to be
given to the Church.
• The floor plan of a Romanesque church is a rectangularcross based on the Roman basilica.
Parts of a Cathedral
• Apse: top curved
end
• Transept: arms of
the cross
• Nave: middle
section (navel) where the
congregation sits
Romanesque Cathedral:
• rounded arches over
doors and windows (a
must!)
• barrel vault over nave
• rectangular-cross
plan
• stone roof
• plain exterior
• massive, heavy look
Gothic Architecture 1140-1500 A.D.
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gargoyles
pointed arches
flying buttresses
rectangular-cross plan
ribbed vaults
more light
stained glass windows
lots of sculpture, decorations
taller
thin walls
Ribbed Vaults
Flying Buttress
Tracery
Lancet Windows
Rose Window (stained Glass) Saint Denis
Cathedral
Norte Dame in Paris, France
Medieval Review
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Darkness after the classical Roman and Greeks
Darkness, Death, Evil
Catholic Church is all mighty
Dances about the Black Plague
Plays started in the church-for ceremonies
▫ Morality plays
• Music was Gregorian chants performed by
monks
• Art was seen in architectural cathedral designs
Architecture Game
• http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/Chang
esInMedievalTimes.swf