Transcript WHY HISTORY? - Pottstown School District

Why do we study history?
 So that we learn from the past to build on their
success and to avoid their failures
 Shows us a path
How do we know its true?
 We use facts that can be proven by;
 eyewitness accounts,
 multiple documents saying and showing the same
thing
 compare the time frame of the account to the event.
Finding a penny means good luck.
The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776.
There are seven continents on earth.
The mountains are more beautiful than the desert.
If you are born in April, you will become rich.
Mr. Ollivier is the best teacher in the school because
students always want to come to his class.
7. Drake is the worst rapper in the world.
8. If I eat a whole row of Oreo cookies I will gain weight
9. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player because
he changed how the game was played.
10. Our principal’s name is Mrs. McCoy
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 Fact = A fact is verifiable. We can determine whether it is true by
researching the evidence. This may involve numbers, dates, testimony,
etc. (Ex.: "World War II ended in 1945.")
 Opinion = An opinion is a judgment based on facts, an honest
attempt to draw a reasonable conclusion from factual evidence. (For
example, we know that millions of people go without proper medical
care, and so you form the opinion that the country should institute
national health insurance even though it would cost billions of dollars.)
 Belief = a belief is a conviction based on cultural or personal
faith, morality, or values. Beliefs are often called "opinions" because
they express viewpoints, but they are not based on facts or other
evidence. They cannot be disproved or even contested in a rational or
logical manner. Since beliefs are inarguable, they cannot serve as the
thesis of a formal argument.
 Geography
 Culture
 Religion
 Geography
 The study of people, places and how they interact
with their environment
 How do people interact with their environment? Make a
list
 Must understand that people are always adapting
and altering their environment
 Often broken down into 2 parts.
 Regional Geography Regions may be basically physical, human or some
combination of both and may vary in size from continents
to small ecosystems.
 Topical Geography Topical geography considers systematic studies of
climate, landforms, economics, and culture among others
1) Location = specific spot on the earth’s surface
 Relative Location are described by landmarks, time,
direction or distance from one place to another
 Absolute Location is latitude and longitude (a global
location) or a street address (local location). Think #’s.
2) Place = a smaller area with unique human and
physical characteristics
 Human Characteristics derived from the ideas and
actions of people that result in changes to the
environment, such as buildings, roads, clothing, and
food habits
 Physical Characteristics include mountains, rivers,
soil, beaches, wildlife,
3) Interaction = the sharing of ideas through
adapting, modifying and depending on the
environment
4) Movement = going from place to place with some
form of interaction
5) Region = large area with similar characteristics
 How might you describe the
relative location of the fields of
crops?
 What is the climate region shown
here? How do you know?
 What elements in the scene
identify this specific place?
 How do you think people, goods,
and ideas move to and from this
place?
 How have the people of this area
changed their environment?
 Culture is everything that makes up a persons entire way of life
 Culture is a LEARNED behavior
 You are not born with it, it must be taught
 Culture can change overtime and adapt from one generation to another but
most core ideas and beliefs often stay the same
 Its up to the family/parents to provide the core basics
 It’s a process that can change overtime and adapt to the environment
 Many factors in our world can now alter our culture and continue to change it
over time
 But you have to learn it
Name 3 Themes of
Geography?
Place, Interaction, Movement,
Region, Location
Regional Geography and
Topical Geography
latitude and longitude (a global
location) is often referred to as
_______________ location
Absolute Location
 What is religion?
 Religion - who or what you believe in and how you
live your life
 This is often taught to you at a young age and the
beliefs and values of your parents are often instilled
in you.
Geography and Culture (religion) are
the most influential elements on
history.
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Religion
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Sikhism
Judaism
Baha'ism
Confucianism
Jainism
Shintoism
Members
2.1 billion
1.3 billion
851 million
375 million
25 million
15 million
7.5 million
6.4 million
4.5 million
2.8 million
Percentage
33.0%
20.1
13.3
5.9
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
Ancient Israelites: Were called Hebrews
 Were monotheistic: believing that there was only one
God.
 At the time, all other peoples worshiped many gods.
Belief System:
 Hebrews believed in an all-knowing, all-powerful God
who was present everywhere.
a) history and faith were interconnected
The Torah: Includes the first five books of the Hebrew
Bible- that is the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers, and Deuteronomy
According to the Torah, a man named Abraham lived
near Ur in Mesopotamia.
A) About 2000 B.C., he and his family migrated,
herding their sheep and goats into a region
called Cannaan.
B) Abraham is considered the father of the
Israelite people
 Includes the first five books of the
Hebrew Bible- this is often referred to
as the _________________
Torah
Who is considered the father of
the Israelites?
Abraham
 The belief in one god is called
____________________
Monotheistic
 The Israelites believed that God had made the
following covenant, or promise and agreement with
Abraham
You shall be the father of a multitude of nations…I will make nations of
you and kings shall come forth from you. And I will establish my
covenant between me and you and your descendants after you
throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be god to
your descendants after you. And I will give to you, and your
descendants after you, the land of yours.
-Genesis 17:4-8
 God’s covenant: Included two declarations that
became the basis of two key belief systems of Judaism
1. God declared that He would have a special
relationship with Abraham and his
descendants. God chose them to fulfill certain
obligations and duties in the world.
2. God declared that Cannan would one day
belong to the Israelites. As a result, the
Israelites viewed Cannan as their “promised
land”
 An Israelite named Moses later renewed God’s covenant
with the Israelites.
 Genesis tells that a famine forced many Israelites to migrate
to Egypt. There they were eventually enslaved.
 In the book Exodus, Moses tells the Israelites that in return
for faithful obedience to God, God will lead them out of
bondage and into the promised land.
 In time, Moses led the Israelites in their Exodus, from
Egypt. After 40 years, they reach Cannan, although Moses
died just before they arrived.
 By 1000 B.C. the Israelites had set up the kingdom of Israel.
The Torah tells of 12 different tribes of Israel that had
fought up until this time.
 David, the strong and wise second king of Israel, united
these tribes into a single country.
 David’s son Solomon followed him as king. Solomon
undertook the task of turning the city of Jerusalem into an
impressive capital.
 David increased Israel’s influence in the Middle East
 Israelite Society: Was patriarchal, which means that
men held the greatest legal and moral authority .
Women had fewer legal rights than men
Ten Commandments: Set of laws that Jews believe God
gave to them through Moses
A) The first 4 commandments stress religious
duties towards god
B) The rest address conduct towards others
(Example: “You Shall Not Steal”)
 The Sabbath: Holy day for rest and worship
 Often in Jewish history, spiritual leaders emerged to
interpret God’s will. These prophets, such as Isaiah
and Jeremiah, reminded the Jewish people of their
duties.
 The prophets taught a strong code of ethics, or moral
standards of behavior. All people they said were equal
before god.
 Unlike many ancient societies in which the ruler was
seen as a god, Jews saw their leaders as fully human
and bound to obey God’s law.
 The spreading out of the Jewish people was called
Diaspora. Where ever the Jewish people settled, many
maintained their identity as a people by living in close
knit communities and obeying their religious laws and
traditions
 Today, Judaism is considered a major world religion for
its unique contribution to religious thought. It
influenced both Christianity and Islam
 A __________________is a conviction
based on cultural or personal faith,
morality, or values.
Belief
The holy day for rest and worship is
called the _____________
The Sabbath
who or what you believe in
and how you live your life is
called ______________
Religion
Name 2 Themes of Geography
1)
2)
Place, Interaction,
Movement, Region,
Location
Set of laws that Jews believe
God gave to them through
Moses is called the
_________________________
10 Commandments
 In the book ______________,
Moses tells the Israelites that in
return for faithful obedience to
God, God will lead them out of
bondage and into the promised
land
Exodus
__________ geography considers
systematic studies of
climate, landforms, economics,
and culture among others
Topical Geography
What is the name of the holy
city for Judaism?
(It’s located in Israel)
Jerusalem
The three things that affect what
people do most are?
1)
2)
3)
Geography , culture, and
religion
 The spreading out of the Jewish
people is called _______________
Diaspora
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Gospels = 1st 4 books of the new testament of Christian bible, talks about life of Jesus
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Parable— short stories with simple moral lessons
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Disciple and Apostle ----leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
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Messiah ---- Anointed king sent by God, would appear to lead people to freedom
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Crucifixion— being bound or nailed to cross
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Christ– Greek word meaning anointed one
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Martyr— people who suffer or die for their beliefs
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Baptized = blessed with holy water
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Clergy— group of people who conduct Christian ceremonies
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Bishop -----high ranking church official with authority over local area
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Patriarch -----in the Roman and Byzantine empires, highest church official in major city
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Pope -----head of the Roman Catholic Church
 Jesus—founder
 Mary— mother of Jesus
 Apostles –12 disciples close to Jesus
 Disciples— people who followed his teachings
 Peter– apostle
 Paul— converted follower who spread the word
 Nero— Roman emperor who persecuted Christians
 Constantine --Theodosius
 Began in Judea, followers of Jew named Jesus
 Jesus Born around 4 BC in Bethlehem, house of David,
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grew up in Nazareth
Worked as a carpenter and started preaching at age 30
Attracted many followers with his teachings and
traveled around
While in Jerusalem to celebrate Passover he was
captured and executed through Roman persecution on
the cross
After his death his followers began to travel and spread
his word
 People began to refer to followers as Christians bc Christ
means anointed one
 Traveled through the roman empire and spread his words
 Paul converted and spread the word into the non Jewish areas
bc appealed to all class of people
 Romans did not allow Christians to worship and the
persecuted them, those that died are martyrs
 “Edict of Milan” by Constantine granted religious freedom to
all in Roman empire and Theodosius made Christianity
official religion of Rome and the Church gained power
 Welcomed women in service at first, later bared from any
title
 Men ruled early church and clergy; Diocese were
controlled by priest, over him was his Bishop, bishops
in big cities were patriarchs
 Rivalries among patriarchs began to form as patriarch
of Rome became known as Pope and others wanted
say
 Jesus performed miracles of healing
 Teachings were rooted in Jewish tradition, 1 god and 10
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commandments, laws of Moses and prophets
Believed him to be son of god, or messiah
Love God, love your neighbor, forgive and spread my
word
He was betrayed and crucified by the Romans
He died and 3 days he rose from the dead
Later he ascended into heaven
Church is the center of worship, cross is a major
symbol
 Jesus sacrificed his life out of love for mankind
 He said the kingdom was open to all
 Persecutions ended when Emperor Constantine
converted to Christianity
 Theodosius made Christianity official religion of
Rome
 Had to be baptized for sins to be forgiven, and were
seen as equals, brothers and sisters
 Sundays attended mass, eat bread and drank wine in
remembrance of Jesus last supper
 Roman Empire shared various religious beliefs
 Jupiter, Mars, Juno and traditional Roman Gods
remained important
 By 63 B.C., the Romans had
conquered Judea, where most Jews
of the time lived.
 While most Jews were reluctantly
willing to live under Roman rule,
others, called Zealots were not.
 They called on Jews to revolt
against Rome and re-establish an
independent state separate from
Rome.
 Some Jews believed that a
messiah, or anointed king sent by
god, would lead their people to
freedom
 As turmoil engulfed the Jews in
Judea, a new religion,
Christianity, arose among them.
 It began among the followers of
a Jew named Jesus.
 Jesus was born about 4 B.C. in
Bethlehem, near Jerusalem.
 According to the Gospels, he
was a descendant of King David
of Israel
 Jesus worshiped God and
followed Jewish law.
 Jesus was a carpenter who
began preaching to people near
the Sea of Galilee especially
when word spread that he
performed miracles of healing.
 Jesus often told short stories
with simple moral lessons to
communicate his ideas
 Jesus recruited 12 of his
disciples or close followers to
help him in his mission. Jesus
called them apostles meaning a
person sent forth.
Believed in one God and accepted
the 10 commandments
He preached obedience to the laws
of Moses
Jesus called himself the Son of God.
Many people believed he was the
long anticipated messiah
Jesus said that his mission was to
bring spiritual salvation and eternal
life to anyone who believed in him
Jesus emphasized God’s love and
taught the need for justice, morality
and service to others
 Why was Jesus killed? According
to the Romans, Jesus was a threat
because his speeches could
inflame those eager to end
Roman rule
 The Gospels say that Jesus was
betrayed by one of his disciples.
He was then arrested by the
Romans, tried, and condemned
to death by crucifixion
 Rumors began to spread that
Jesus was not dead at all
 The Gospels report that his
disciples saw and talked to Jesus,
who had risen from death
 The Gospels go on to say that
Jesus, after commanding his
disciples to spread his teachings
to all people, ascended into
heaven
 After the death of Jesus, apostles
and other disciples spread the
message of Christianity
 Those who accepted the teachings
of Jesus were called Christians
 Paul, a Jew from Asia Minor played
the most influential role in
spreading Christianity
 Paul journeyed around the
Mediterranean and set up
churches teaching the message of
Jesus
 Rome found those who
followed Christianity disloyal
to Rome because they refused
to honor the emperor
 When Christians met in secret,
Christians were accused by
Romans for engaging in evil
practices
 Nero, a Roman Emperor would
execute and arrest Christians.
Christians who died were called
martyrs (People who suffer or
die for their beliefs)
 The persecution of Christians
finally ended in A.D. 313 when
the Roman Emperor
Constantine issued the Edict of
Milan
 Edict of Milan: Granted
freedom of worship to all
citizens of the Roman empire
 By the end of the century
Theodosius had made
Christianity the official religion
of the Roman Empire