Transcript Ancient Rome

Ancient
Rome
Bellringer
• Complete Geography Packet from last class
Agenda
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Bellringer
Van diagram (may use book)
Founding of Rome Reading
Myth walk around
Objective
• Describe Rome mythology and the early
influences on Roman Culture
Project introduction
• Creating a Timeline and mini project
– Timeline in a group
– Mini project separate
– Partners will be assigned
• Summaries will be kept in your folders
• Timeline due day of Test.
• Mini project due 3 class blocks later
Bellringer
• Complete the map on the front of packet
Agenda
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Bellringer
Project explanation
Notes
Newspaper article
Quick Reminder
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd
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Beginnings of Rome
• According to legend
the city was found
by twin Brothers
– Romulus and Remus
• Sons of Mars and a
Latin princess
Early Settlers
• Latins
– Farmers and shepherds who
wondered into Italy
– Built Rome
• Greeks
– Established colonies along the
coast.
– Brought Greek culture to the
Italian peninsula
• Etruscans
– Native to northern Italy
– Skilled metalworkers and
engineers
Before the Republic
• An Etruscan King ruled
Rome
• Last King of Rome was
a tyrant
– Roman aristocrats
overthrew him.
• Established a Republic
Vocabulary Word
• Republic
– Power rest with citizens who have the right to
vote to select their leaders
Patricians and Plebeians
• Only free-born males could be citizens
• Two group emerge
– Patricians
– Plebeians
Petricians
 Aristocratic
landowners who
held most of the power
• Believed their ancestry gave
them the authority to make
laws
Plebeians
 common
farmers, artisans and
merchants. Made up most of the
population
• Were citizens of Rome
• Barred from holding most
important government positions
by law
Twelve tables
• Plebeians forced the
creation of a written
law code
• Laws carved on
twelve tables
• Established the idea
that all free citizens
had the right to the
protection of law
Government under the Republic
• Balanced the best ideas of government into
one form
– Monarchy
– Aristocracy
– Democracy
Consuls
• Instead of Kings Rome had 2 Consuls
– Commanded the army and directed the
government
– Limited power-1yr terms. No more than 10 terms
Senate
• Legislative and administration function
• Membership for life
• At first limited to the upper class
Assemblies
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Democratic side of government
All citizens
Appointed consuls and made laws
Less power than the senate
Dictator
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Only in times of crisis
Absolute power
Power lasted for six months
Chosen by consuls. Appointed by the senate
Citizenship
• All citizens who
owned land were
required to serve in
the army
• Citizens paid taxes
Bellringer
• Pull out vocabulary from last class and finish
• Turn in Newspaper article
Agenda
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Bellringer-Finish vocabulary
Plebeians and Patricians
Notes on Punic Wars
Project Summaries in groups
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE
ROMAN REPUBLIC
Roman Influences Expand
• The Republic in the 4th
Century B.C. begins to
expand it’s power.
• Takes control of the
Italian peninsula
– Defeated the Etruscans
and the Greek city states
Conquered Groups
• Conquered people became allies of Rome
• Had to send men to the Roman military
• Could not become allied with anyone else
The Punic
Wars
Background to the Punic Wars
• Rome located in a good location for trade with
the Mediterranean sea
• Carthage was another dominate trading
center
The Punic Wars
• Fought each other to gain control
• Made up of 3 wars
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Punic War
• Rome and Carthage fought for control of Sicily
• Rome Won
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Punic War
• Carthegian general
Hannibal led his forces
over the Alps into Italy
from Africa
• Romans prevent Hannibal
from invading Rome.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEom
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Punic War
• Roman general Scipio attacked Carthage
• Forced Hannibal back to Carthage
• Roman forces destroyed the city of Carthage
Results
• Rome Controlled the Mediterranean Sea
• Rome expanded it’s territory
• Controlled Macedonia, Greece and Anatolia
Bellringer
•Get ready to take
vocabulary quiz!
Agenda
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Quiz
Review of Unit so far
Notes
Activity
Working on Projects
Causes and Decline of the
Roman Republic
Rome after the Punic Wars
• Large gap between rich and poor
• Small Farms could not complete with large
estates ran by wealthy landowners
• Estates worked by slaves
Civil War
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Many soldiers and farmers became jobless
Unemployed went to cities for work
Tensions led to civil war
Powerful generals recruited soldiers by
promising land.
Julius Caesar
• Julius Caesar a strong and successful general
• Joined forces with
– Crassus-wealthy roman
– Pompey-popular general
First Triumvirate
• Elected Consul
• With Crassus and Pompey ,
Julius Caesar dominated
Rome as a Triumvirate
• Group of three rulers
Julius Caesar
• After being a Consul Julius Caesar was
appointed governor of Gaul (France)
• Conquered all of Gaul
– Success in Gaul won him popularity in Rome
Julius Caesar
• Pompey became his
political rival after
conquering Gaul
– Ordered Caesar to return
home
• Defied the Senate’s order
– Caesar took his army to
Italy
Julius Caesar
• Caesar marched towards
Rome
– Pompley Fled
– Caesar defeated Pompley
armies in Greece, Asia,
Spain and Egypt
• Returned to Rome in
46B.C. and named
Dictator for life
Julius Caesar
• Pushed through new
reforms
• Nobles became
unhappy with his power
– Thought he was a tyrant
• In 44 B.C. stabbed to
Death in the Senate
After Caesar’s Death
• Civil War broke out
• Three of Caesar supporters banded together
– Augustus-Caesar’s nephew/adopted son
– Mark Anthony- general
• Lepidus-wealthy politician
Second Triumvirate
• Augustus, Mark
Anthony and Lepidus
formed the Second
Triumvirate
• Ended in Jealousy and
violence
Second Triumvirate
• Augustus forced Lepidus to retire
• Augustus and Mark Anthony became rivals
• Mark Anthony fell in love with Queen Cleopatra
– Moved to Egypt
• Augustus defeated Mary Anthony in a Naval Battle
Augustus Caesar becomes Emperor
• From the beginning of Augustus rule, Rome
experienced peace and prosperity
– Called the Pax Romoma
– Lasted for 207 years
PAX ROMANA
Economic impact
• Creation of a common coinage-Denarius
– Helped when trading with different parts of the
Empire
• Roads connecting the empire together
– Guaranteed safe travel
Political Impact
• Augustus sets up a civil service
– Paid workers to manage the Government
• Tax collectors , postal system
• Augustus system proved stable through ever
changing emperors
Social Impact
• Increased emphasis on the Family
– Eldest man ruled the household
• Social Classes
– Big difference between rich and poor
THE EMPIRE
Expansion of the Roman Empire
• 2nd century A.D. the Empire reached from
Spain to Mesopotamia to north Africa to
Britain
Roman Army
• Army took men from each province
– Not all roman citizens
– Learned Roman customs
– Became citizens after serving in army
Succession of Emperors
• No written law on selection of new emperors
– Rome in the Brick of civil war almost every time an
emperor died
• Eventually the dying Emperor would name his
successor