Transcript ROME
ROME Greece retold or something new? Geography's impact Italy is shaped like a boot with protective mountains (Alps in the north) and the Sea (Mediterranean and Adriatic) surrounding it The Tiber River ran down the middle At this point in history why would this be a positive and negative? The Founders 700-600’s BC People from the north formed cities in the central western section of Italy called Latium Etruscans from the northern kingdoms established a monarchy and tried to rule all of Italy Greeks sailed west and settled southern Italy and the Island of Sicily Romulus and Remus create Rome A REPUBLIC IS BORN 509 BC the monarchies are overrun by wealthy landowners who establish a Republic A Republic is a government run by elected officials (in this case elected by only men) The Republic is run by 3 different government groups The Senate The Magistrates The Popular Assemblies The Senate Senators could control public funds They managed foreign affairs Acted as a court to determine guilt At times when necessary they could propose a dictator to the magistrates to rule for a period of 6 months Magistrates Consuls: Two men were elected to each serve one year terms as chief executives. They ran the government, governed the military, and could appoint dictators. They also could veto each other and the senate Praetors: Helped the Consuls run military when at war and the judiciary when at peace Censors: Registered citizens to determine social standing and oversaw morals in society Assemblies 10 Tribunes were elected to oversee the government They could override the work of the Senate Could Could act as secondary courts deny the Consul the right to make war or peace if the people did not approve. They were supposed to be the voice of the people Society Patricians: Wealthy landowners that controlled most of the government Plebeians: Poor farmers or other day laborers. Initially not allowed to hold public office but could vote In 450 BC forced the government to write down the laws (Twelve Tables) so they could understand the law Gained the right to hold public office Forced the government to allow one consul to always come from Plebeian class Began to use the law to enforce genuine equality Military All males needed to serve in the army The army was divided into legions with about 5000 legionnaires Sometimes there were groups of noncitizens forced into units called auxilia Conquered people could not vote, paid taxes, provided men as soldiers, and gave land to Roman farmers to link civilizations Punic Wars Covered by video in class The Republic Weakens Ally’s to Rome after the Punic War wanted to gain citizenship in Rome and be seen as equals What are the pro’s and con’s of granting citizenship? The Social War broke out in 91 BC Rome wins but allows some of the people in as citizens Many citizens became more closely connected to the military leaders than political ones. Development of an Empire Gaius Marius: After the Social War he built up the military and gained their trust Military support over Government Lucinius Sulla: In 88BC he took control of the military from Marius and used them to overthrow the government in a civil war. He restored the power of the Senate as the only other political figures Caesar in 60 BC Julius Caesar was a popular general and joined up with Pompey and Crassus to kick out Sulla and rule the government as a Triumvirate Used his personal wealth to gain political popularity Made his soldiers more loyal to him than the state Conquered Befriends Seen Gaul and gave resources to the legionaries Egypt and weds Cleopatra to seal the alliance as merciful and helped those he conquered Free Write Caesar became very powerful and when Crassus dies in battle in 57BC Pompey fears Caesar will overthrow the government. Casesar takes his army and marches on Rome to oust Pompey and wins power over all the government. He forgave many of the conspirators and enlarged the Senate although reducing its power If you were a Roman citizen how would you have reacted to Julius rise to power? Would you support his actions? On a whole the government was expanding and more resources being made available but at a cost of freedom. Is it worth it? E Tu Brutus? The senate became concerned with Caesar so on March 15th 44 BC he was stabbed to death on the Senate floor. “As soon as Caesar took his seat the conspirators crowded around him… Tillius Cimber came up close, pretending to ask a question… Cimber caught hold of his shoulders. “this is violence! Cried Caesar, and at that moment… one of the Casca brothers with a sweep of his dagger stabbed him below the throat…. Confronted by a ring of drawn daggers, he drew the top of his gown over his face and did not utter a sound… though some say that when he saw Marcus Brutus he reproached him in Greek and said “you too my child?” Free Write 2 With news of Caesars death spreading what would you have done as a citizen of Rome? Can you trust the new leader elected by your members of the Senate? The Roman Empire Second Triumvirate take control of Senate Octavian 19 year old grandnephew of Caesar Marc Antony, general and ally of Caesar Lepidus, second in command to Caesar Octavian vs Antony The country was divided with Octavian in charge of West and Antony the East Lepidus retired and the two fought Battle of Actium (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6s37GFC8t2Q) Octavian takes control and conquers Alexandria and takes Egypt Recalls himself Caesar Augustus (Revered One) and becomes Emperor Pax Romana (Roman Peace) Caesar Augustus is seen as the first emperor of Rome. From 27BC-180AD Rome went through what is referred to as the Pax Romana Is this true? In a group of 4 and using your cell phones research the emperors during the Pax Romana found on page 161. Choose at least 2 from each category and 10 overall and determine if they meet the distinction of peaceful. On a piece of paper write the name of those you chose and at least two facts that prove they were or were not peaceful rulers. Roman Society The rich citizens (of which there were few) often tried to impress each other with extravagant dinner parties The poor lived day to day lives. They could barely survive and food was scarce Many also had two homes. One in the city to conduct business and a country home The government provided grain allotments for all citizens but it was not enough Slaves were not seen as necessary but helped the rich gain social distinction Very harsh treatment unless they were house slaves Circus Maximus Since most people’s lives were miserable the circus was one of the few pleasures people could enjoy Clowns, dancers, acrobats, jugglers, and trained animals At the Colosseum they starved animals and had them fight humans or animals They also held public executions The main event were the gladiators (usually slaves) Gladiators Andabatae Retiarius Bustuarius Sagittarius Cestus Scissor Crupellarii Secutor Dimachaerus Thraex Equites Venator Hoplomachus Gladiatrix Murmillo You will create a caricature of two gladiators in combat. The gladiators should be dressed and armored as they would in the Colosseum (keep it PG rated) On the back you will need to have explained which gladiators you choose and what characteristics define them. Additionally you should research at least two other types and explain how they fought/what they used as well One angry gladiator Spartacus The fall of Rome Diocletian Constantine Fall of Rome Treatment of the Goths Attila Alaric the Visigoth sacks Rome 410 AD