Transcript From Republic to Empire

The Roman Empire
CHAPTER 6
SECTION 2
Key Terms
 Civil War
 Julius Caesar
 Triumvirate
 Augustus
 Pax Romana
Problems in the Late Republic
 Rome had no rival
100BC
 Tension between classes
 Tribune Gracchi-soldiers
reduced to poverty
 Tiberius- younger
brother gave them public
lands
Social Unrest
 Roman elite did not like
it
 Senate urged mobs to kill
Tiberius and Garius
 First time Roman blood
shed in the Forum
 Violence becomes a
political tool
The Military in Politics
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Breakdown in the
military
Replaced citizen soldier
Eliminated property
restriction for joining the
military
Poor hoped to share the
plunder
Private forces devoted to
general
Tool to increase their
power
Rome Becomes an Empire
60 BC led for the next
ten years
• First triumvirate
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Julius Caesar (Gaul
modern France)
Gnaeus Pompey (syria,
Asia Minor)
Licinius Crassius
Caesar and Pompey
military commanders
Rome Becomes an Empire
 Crassus one of the
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wealthiest in Rome
Crassus dies
Caesar and Pompey fight a
civil war
Senate declared Caesar
dictator for life.
Gave citizenship to people
in provinces
Expanded the Senate,
adding friend and
supporters
Rome Becomes an Empire
 Gave public land to
veterans
 Senators thought he
would destroy Rome
 Senate murders Caesar
Ides of March
The Second Triumvirate
 Octavia, Marc Anthony,
Lepidus
 Lepidus pushed aside
 Octavia and Anthony
fight civil war
 Octavia wins defeats
Anthony and Cleopatra
From Octavia to Augustus
 Octavia sole ruler
 Created political order
 Princeps or first citizen
 Senate gave title of
Augustus “the revered
one”
 Given the right to wear a
crown and laurel
The Augustan Age
 Augustus lead for 49
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years
Divided power with the
Senate
Conquests in Spain and
Gaul and the Danube
River
Set up civil service
Created police force, fire
brigade
The Augustan Age
 “I found Rome built of
bricks. I leave her
clothed in marble.”
 Made moral and
religious reforms
 Produced many great
writers
 Poets Horace and Ovid
The Good Emperors
 The Empire grew
tremendously
 Trajan Rome was its
largest
 Hadrian- withdrew and
built defensive
fortifications
 73 mile long wall in
Britian
The Pax Romana
 27 BC to AD 180- called
Roman peace
 Stable government
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Strong legal system
Widespread trade
 Peace endured
 Government seldom
interrupted by war or
invasion
Pax Romana
• Government
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Strongest unifying force
Maintained order
Enforced the laws
Defended frontiers
• Members of Aristocracy
participated in
government
• Emperors made
important decisions
Pax Romana
 Empire divided into
provinces
 Provincial government
fairer, more efficient
 Cities governed like
Rome
 Senate, magistrates,
Theatres, public baths,
temples
Legal System
 Unified the Empire
 Specifies what could or
could not be done
 Punishments
 Applied to all citizens
Trade and Transportation
 Agriculture primary
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occupation
Independent farmers
Manufacturing increased
Spain, Gaul, Italy made
cheap pottery and
textiles
Alexandria- glassware
Trade and Transportation
• Imported
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Grain, wheat
Meat
Raw materials
Silk, linens
Glassware and jewelry
• Rome’s location
• 50,000 miles of roads
• Built for military
• Cheaper to send by ship
Slaves and Captivity
 Important to Roman
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economy
Made more use of slaves
than previous
civilizations
Property of owners
Healthy males forced to
become gladiators
1 million slaves lost their
lives attempting freedom
Gods and Goddesses
 Numina-powerful sprits
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worshipped by early
Romans
Lares- guardian of the
spirits of each family
Government and religion
were linked
Jupiter- father of the
gods
Worship of the emperor
became part of religion
Society and Culture
 Rich lived extravagantly
 Large sums of money on
homes, gardens and
slaves
 Gave banquets that
lasted for hours
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Served ostrich egg
Served parrot tongue
 Most people unemployed
Society and Culture
 Government gave daily
ration of grain
 People lived in
tenements
 For a distraction
government provided
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Games, races gladiator
contests
150 holidays a year
Colosseum would fill with
50,000 people
Society and Culture
 Rich and poor attended
the games
 Animal shows
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Bears and tigers would
fight
Animals from distant
lands
Gladiators fought animals
Gladiators fought each
other to the death