Transcript ROME - Origin - Grade10AncientMedieval

Ancient Rome:
How does a small
town come to
dominate the
Mediterranean
World?
Unit IV: The Grandeur That
Was Rome
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Students should be able to
• Explain the geographic factors which
influenced developments in the Italian
peninsula.
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Students should be able to
• Identify the factors which explain Rome's
success in extending its control over the
Italian peninsula and subsequently the
Mediterranean world.
ROME – QUIZ #1
• Identify the factors which explain Rome's
success in extending its control over the
Italian peninsula and subsequently the
Mediterranean world.
Geography of Ancient Rome
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3 times larger than Greece
Central Location in the Mediterranean
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Large coastline; few harbours
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Traded up and down the coastline and across the
Mediterranean Sea.
Fertile land: especially along the Tiber and Po
River valleys
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Able to produce more food than Greece
12 minute Task
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Mapping Skills: Complete the Geography of
Italy – label your map
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Use Prologue to the Present p. 195-202 and
atlases
Rome : The Broad Outline
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Rome was built along the Tiber River
Myth of origin: Romulus & Remus (753 BC)
Originally ruled by tribal chiefs
Rome was influenced by Greek society and culture.
It was city-state until 509 BC then became a Republic
Etruscan kings ruled what is now modern day Italian
peninsula.
Legend: Romans drove out last Etruscan King and declared a
Republic.
Evolved from a Republic controlling Italy to a vast Empire
surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.
Empire: a collection of city-states or countries in which an
Emperor rules over a large, sprawling land mass.
I. Geographic Factors
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Mountains to the north and east initially protect the city
from invasion, as does the Mediterranean sea.
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Hills around Rome include rivers= fresh water
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Strategically located in the middle of the Mediterranean
Sea
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As the city grows, colonies are founded – where?
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Large supply of volcanic ash and limestone to make a
type of concrete for building
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More forest area than Greece = good for building
II. Economic Factors
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As the city grows, cannot produce enough
food to supply itself – must secure trade
routes at sea!
Punic Wars with Carthage – Carthage
controlled Sicily and had a large navy which
threatened trade in the Mediterranean (as
well as the potential to invade Italy
III. Political/Social Factors
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Influences from Greeks and Etruscans
Established a Republic following defeat of the
Etruscans – unwilling to allow themselves to
be ruled by another group – will of the
populace.
Rome made peace with conquered peoples
and allowed them to keep local customs and
most land. Conquered peoples given
citizenship – became Romans.
IV. Military Factors
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With the defeat of Carthage came compulsory
military service for some
Professionalization of Army after Punic Wars –
paid soldiers.
Army becomes huge – soldiering becomes a
profession – army is an instrument of the state
Allowed Romans to control the Italian Pennisula
and eventually the Mediterranean world
Punic Wars victory solidified Roman control
over the Western Mediterranean
Roman Republic
• Became a republic in
509 BC
• supreme power rests
in the body of citizens
• Started expanding
during wars with
Carthage (N. Africa)
• Punic Wars.. spanned
from 264 BC until
164 BC
Accomplishments of the
Republic
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270 BC biggest army in Mediterranean
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264BC Rome controls Italy
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264 BC Rome vs. Carthage
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146 BC Rome destroys Carthage and
conquers the Greeks.
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27BC Rome becomes an empire.
Roman Empire
• Who leads?
– Emperor
• Length of rule?
– For life
• How do they take
power?
– Inheritance or by force
Roman Republic
• Who leads?
– Elected officials
• Length of rule?
– One year
• How do they take
power?
– Appointed by senate