Transcript Ancient Greece PP 2013x

Ancient Greece
Chapter Eight
Section One: Geography and the Early
Greeks
1. Describe the geography of Greece and
how that affected early settlement
• Peninsula (surrounded by
water on three sides)
• Many islands
• Many mountains
• A lot of access to the
Mediterranean, Ionian and
Aegean Seas
• Early people built ships, ate
seafood and had easy
access to trade
2. Who were the Minoans?
• Early, advanced society in
Greece on the island of
Crete
• Shipbuilders
• Traded copper, gold, silver
and jewels
The Early Greeks
3. Who were the Mycenaeans?
• First civilization to speak
Greek
• Fortress builders
• Attacked the city of Troy
and the legend of the Trojan
Horse is from here
4. Define Polis
• The Greek word for citystate, these began the
classical age in Greece
5. What was life like in a Greek
City-State?
• Fortresses in a city
surrounded by a large wall
for protection
• Focused on the agora
(marketplace)
• People felt safe in the city
and contributed to the
economy and government
and felt “Greek”
6. Define acropolis
• A fortress that stood on top
of a high hill
Early Greeks
7. What were some Greek
colonies?
• Istanbul, Turkey
• Marseille, France
• Naples, Italy
8. Who did Greece trade with?
• Egypt and other cities
around the Black Sea
Section Two: Government in Athens
9. Define Democracy
• A type of government in
which people rule
themselves
10. Define aristocrats
• Group of rich landowners
• They dominated Athenian
society, had the most say in
the government
Government in Athens
11. Define oligarchy
• A government in which only
a few people have power
12. Define citizen
• People who had the right to
participate in the
government (non aristocrats)
Government in Athens
13. Explain the government in
Greece around 600 B.C.
• Aristocrats had power until
some rebels tried to
overthrow them and failed,
because of the attempt a man
named Draco created a new
set of laws in Athens that were
very harsh
• They were too strict so a man
named Solon created new
laws giving free men more
freedom to participate in
government and end the rule
of aristocrats
14. Define tyrant
• A leader who held power
through the use of force
Government in Athens
15. Describe the rise of tyrants in
ancient Greece
• People were tired of the
aristocrats ruling so a man
named Peisistratus
overthrew the oligarchy and
was called a “tyrant”. He
brought peace and
prosperity to Athens,
people liked tyrants, so they
had lots of power
16. Describe democracy under
Cleisthenes
• He created the world’s first
democracy
• All citizens had the right to
participate in government in
the assembly (gathering of
people)
• Everyone could speak their
minds about political opinions
• They voted on things, needed
6,000 members to vote,
sometimes it was too many
people to get anything
accomplished
Government in Athens
17. What changed in Greece
under Pericles?
18. Who conquered Athens in
the mid 330’s BC?
• He felt it was very
important to participate in
government, so he paid
people who served in public
offices or on juries
• Macedonia
Government in Athens
19. What is direct democracy?
• When all citizens could
participate in the
government
• Each person’s decision
directly affects the outcome
of a vote
20. What is Representative
democracy?
• The citizens elect officials to
represent them in the
government
• This is what the United
States has, Americans don’t
vote on laws, congress does
it for them
Section Three: Greek Mythology and
Literature
21. Define mythology
• A body of stories about
gods and heroes that try to
explain how the world
works
22. What did the Greeks think
the gods could do?
• They could create events
like thunder, earthquakes,
and volcanic eruptions
• Caused daily events like the
seasons
Greek Gods
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Zeus, king of the gods
Hera, queen of the gods
Poseidon, god of the sea
Hades, god of the underworld
Demeter, goddess of agriculture
Hestia, goddess of the hearth
Athena, goddess of wisdom
Apollo, god of the sun
Artemis, goddess of the moon
Ares, god of war
Aphrodite, goddess of love
Hephaustus, god of metalworking
Dionysus, god of celebration
Hermes, the messenger of God
Greek Mythology and Literature
23. Explain some ideas about
Greek heroes
24. Who was Homer and what
did he write?
• Some were real people and
some were not
• Some had special abilities and
some faced monsters
• Theseus killed the Minotaur in
Crete
• Jason sailed the seas and
fought enemies
• Hercules fought monsters and
had impossible strengths
•
•
He was a poet who wrote two
famous epic poems called the Illiad
and the Odyssey
His poems are considered some of
the greatest literary works ever
produced
Greek mythology and literature
25. Who was Sappho and what
did she write?
26. Define fables and who was
Aesop?
•
• He wrote fables (short
stories that teach the
reader lessons about life or
give advice on how to live)
• Main characters were
animals
• He wrote “The Tortoise and
the Hare” and “The Boy
Who Cried Wolf”
•
•
•
She was the most famous lyric poet
(she would strum an instrument
called a lyre while reading)
Her poems were beautiful and
emotional about love and
relationships with her friends and
family
A Hymn To Venus
O Venus, beauty of the skies,
To whom a thousand temples rise,
Gaily false in gentle smiles,
Full of love-perplexing wiles;
O goddess, from my heart remove
The wasting cares and pains of
love.
Greek Mythology and Literature
27. How did Greek influence our
language?
28. How has Greek literature and art
inspired artists long after their time?
• Many English words and
expressions come from
Greek mythology
• Example:
• The word “odyssey” comes
from Odysseus
• “titanic” comes from the
Titans
• The word “Europe” comes
from Europa
• Painters and sculptors have
used gods and heroes as
subjects of their work
• Moviemakers have
borrowed stories from
ancient myths (ex. Hercules)
• Sports teams have used
Greek names like Titans and
Trojans