Transcript Grup Scolar de telecomunicatii si lucrari publice Hunedoara

The trace of Roman influence
in the Romanian culture and
architecture
Grup Şcolar de Telecomunicaţii şi Lucrări
Publice Hunedoara
Ulpia Traiana at Sarmizegetusa
The colony Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica
Sarmizegetusa was the capital of the Roman Dacia ,
situated at a distance of about 40 km of
Sarmizegetusa Regia, the capital of Dacia. The ruins of
the
ancient city is today the subject of an
archaeological complex in the Sarmizegetusa village,
Hunedoara County.
Ulpia Traiana was founded by the governor of Roman
Dacia, Decimus Terentius Scaurianus and had a common
shape used by the Romans : the rectangle with rounded
edges.
If the old capital of Pre-Roman Dacia, was situated
in the Orăştie Mountains at an altitude of 1200 m, the
Roman Sarmizegetusa was placed on an almost lowland
terrain , in the Hateg’s basin, at 531 m high. The city
is located at a distance of about 8 km from the pass
that connects the Banat region and Transylvania and
in antiquity bared the name of Tapae, today “ The
Iron Gates of Transylvania ".
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Some of the elements of the archeological complex
from Sarmizegetusa are :
The Amphitheatre
The temple of the goddess Nemesis
Traian’s forum (forum vetus)
The Capitol
The Amphitheatre
Situated at approximately 100 m of the northern wing of
the inner wall of the town, is the most impressive building.
In an elliptical shape, it has 88 m in length and 69 m high,
thus occupying a middle place regarding size, compared to
other provincial amphitheatres. The number of spectators
that the amphitheatre of Ulpia Traiana could include rose
up to 5.000 people maximum. The date of construction is
not precisely known , but we believe that it was in the
early years of Roman domination.
The forum built by Traian
The Forum, a civic, political and administrative centre,
it was located right in the middle of the town , at the
crossroads of two main roads that passed Sarmizegetusa
from east to west and from north to south. Its entrance
was monumental and had the aspect of a triumphant arch
on which it had chiselled the inscription of foundation of
the colony.
The actual forum contained, in the first place , a
plaza, surrounded
by a vestibule with columns and
pavement of limestone and marble. In this plaza there
were raised numerous monuments and statues whose
foundations can be seen even today.
The Temple of the goddess Nemesis
Nemesis, the goddess of luck and fortune, was
worshiped by the gladiators, which led to the location
of the temple in the immediate proximity of the
eastern gate of the amphitheatre.
The Temple was discovered between 18911893,with the occasion of the partial uncovering of
the amphitheatre.
Micia (Veţel)
It is an important Roman settlement, developed
around the great “castrum” .Although it had only a rural
status (pagus), the settlement presented a high degree
of urbanization, with an orthogonal road system,
monumental public edifices (thermes, amphitheatre
etc) and a harbor at Mureş (arranged with piers made
of stone masonry)
The Roman Castrum
It
is
an
historical
monument,situated between
the villages Păuşa and
Căciulata, near the town
Călimăneşti, being on the
list of historical monuments
since 2004, dated from the
Roman epoch, years 137138 A.C. . The construction
is placed on the left shore
of river Olt in the vicinity
of the Cozia Monastery and
in the surroundings of the
Hidroenergetic
Complex
Turnu.
Arutela
The date was made based on
an inscription, discovered in
double copy, in front of the
two of the gates of the
Castrum, from which derives
that this one was build on the
time of the emperor Hadrian,
by a troop of Syrian archers
(Suri Sagittari), in the year
138,from the order of Titus
Flavius Constans, procurator
and
military governor of
Inferior Dacia. The last coin,
as a date, discovered at
Arutela, was emitted between
the years 220–223 A.C. At
Arutela existed a dacian
settelment too,who prolonged
its existance under Roman
dominion.
Saint Nicolas Church from Densuş
It is a worship place from the viilage Densuş,
Hunedoara county, one of the secular churches of
Byzantine rite
from Romania, built in the XIII
century. From 1991 it is on the list of monuments
proposed to enter in the UNESCO patrimony. Nicolae
Iorga named the church “ without equal in al the
Romanhood”.
It was raised on
the ruins of an antique
construction (sec.IV).
Built
of
roman
processed
stones
brought
from
the
nearby ruins of Ulpia
Traiana Sarmizegetusa,
the church has a
strange
appearance,
which doesn’t hide the
stilistical impress of
the later romanism.
Tropaeum Traiani –The Monument from
Adamclisi
It was built in the honour of
the emperor Traian, between
106-109, as an homage for
defeating the coalition made of
geto-dacians, burs and sarmats,
following the battles the Romans
had with them in the year of
102,the monument is an authentic
source of information about
events from the ancient history
of the Roman people. A quarter a
century ago (in 1977) the
monument was rebuilt at its
natural size , with as maximum
scientific strictness as possible,
being thus examined and admired
in its whole
greatness and
beauty.
The fortress of Adamclisi
Considered as the greatest Roman civil settlement on
the Dobrogea territory and built at the same time with
the commemorative Monument, the fortress was
inhabited by the veterans’ families, who participated at
the Traian’s dacian wars and were colonized here. The
town obtained the title of « municipium » in the time of
the emperor
Septimiu Sever (193-211) but being
destroyed by the Goths it had to be completely rebuilt as
shown on an inscription from year 316, through the care
of the emperor Constantine the Great.
Traian’s Bridge
It was a bridge built by Apolodor of Damask, the
architect of the Traian’s pillar, between the spring of
103 and the spring of 105, on the Lower Danube, at the
East of the Iron Gates, near the town Drobeta-Turnu
Severin. The purpose of the construction was to
facilitate the transport of roman troops led by Traian
and that of
provisions, necessary for the second
military campaign of conquering the Dacia of the king
Decebal.
The
architectonic
and
technical greatness of the
bridge over the Danube was,
at least for the antiquity,
remarkable and demonstrates
the strategic importance that
Traian gave it to the
construction and through
that to the conquer of Dacia.
On the Traian’s pillar we can
distinguish a stylized image
of the bridge, with less
pillars, but in
principal
according to the written
sources, which permits the
recognition of the techniques
of collocation of wood and
stone.
Mitric Alexandru
class: XI-a C.