Transcript Decline of the Republic

Decline of the Republic
Rise of an Empire
Decline of the Republic
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Farmers Debts
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Effect of Hannibal’s
invasion
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Sold farms to rich
Unemployment
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Farmers move to cities
for work
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Join poor class
continue
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Two Brothers Attempt to Reform—
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Tiberius Gracchus (GRAH-kus)
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Gaius (GY-us) Gracchus
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Give grain to poor
Social and Political Disorder
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Limit large estates give land to farmers
Division between rich and poor
Slave revolts
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Fear of slaves (thousands)
Spartacus 73 B.C
Extend citizenship to slaves in order to
stop revolts.
What happened to Tiberius & Gaius?
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Tiberius killed (Senate)
Gaius was unable to maintain order
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killed (Senate)
The deaths of Gracchus brothers left more
political and social unrest….
Cicero
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(106 B.C. – 43 B.C.)
Never emperor
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very influential; senate
until his death
Urged for peace
Tried to restore a
traditional gov’t
Widely popular, but
also unsuccessful
The
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st
1
Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crassus
Rome: Pax Romana - Decline
Hated each other (kept each other
close).
 Hated by the Senate
 They also hated the senate
 Caesar was the favorite of the three
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Crassus and Pompey were jealous—Caesar
takes advantage of this and wants full control of
Rome.
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Crassus is killed in war
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One down, one to go
Civil War breaks out and Caesar defeats
Pompey
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Caesar is the only one left
“Beware of the Ides of March”
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Caesar is going to the senate
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He is assassinated
Stabbed as he is going into the building
“Et tu Brutus”
March 15, 44 B.C.
End of the 1st Triumvirate
Assassination of Julius Caesar
The 2nd Triumvirate
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Marc Antony
Octavian (nephew of Caesar)
Lepidus
Second Triumvirate
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Unite to defeat Caesar’s murderers
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Octavian defeats Antony and becomes ruler
of Rome
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The Roman Empire is divided between the
three
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Antony took the east
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Octavian took the west
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Lepidus took North Africa
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Octavian wants it all
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Convinces Lepidus to retire
Antony has a love affair with Cleopatra
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Commits suicide when he hears rumors that Cleopatra
had killed herself
Octavian has complete control of the Roman
Empire, but there is still a division between
east and west.
Octavian changes his name to Caesar
Augustus
Beginning of the Pax Romana (Peace of
Rome)
Pax Romana
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200 years of Roman Peace
Lasts from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius
Achievements of Pax Romana
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Order
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Prosperity
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Governors and officials settled disputes
Commoners could hold gov. posts
Built road, improved harbors, trade flourished
Wealth time period
Unity
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50 million unite under Roman rule and law
Latin learned by many
One system of weights, measurements, and laws