Transcript Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Ancient Greece 1900-133 BC Chapter 4 Section 2 The Greek CityStates Learning Objectives The students will be able to: Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens. Name the forms of government in Greece. Greek City-State Polis Central focus of Greek life Town, city, or village & the countryside Where people met for political, social, & religious activities 2 Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city agora--marketplace Acropolis 2 Agora Hoplite soldiers – Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers 2 Phalanx – block formation Tyrants Seized the government - took land from the rich & gave to the poor Gained & kept power by hiring soldiers fell out of favor because contradicted the Greek rule of law Tyranny led to the development of democracy Ended the rule of aristocrats & allowed new people to participate in government Sparta and Athens Sparta Conquered their neighbors, the Laconians & the Messenians These people became known as helots (Greek word for “capture”) Became a military state to ensure control over the helots Boys learn military discipline Spartan = “highly self-disciplined” men served a lifetime in the military (age 20-60) lives were rigidly organized & tightly controlled Spartan Hoplite 8 Spartan Women *power over the home *exercise & remain fit *expected husbands & sons to be brave Spartan Values duty, strength and discipline over all discouraged from studying philosophy, literature & arts – might lead to new thoughts Spartan Government Oligarchy - 2 Kings Ephors – 5 elected men Council of Elders Athens Daily Life in Classical Athens Boys were taught reading, writing, math, music, and physical education Education ended at age 18 when officially became a citizen Athenian Women 4 Role of Women Strictly controlled - confined to the house Always had a male guardian Could not own property Learned to read & play instruments, but were not given a formal education Government Ruled by Aristocrats Economic problems = political turmoil Farmers sold into slavery Athens verged on Civil War Solon Reformminded Aristocrat Solon’s Reforms Cancelled all debts Freed slaves Would not take land from rich & give to poor Internal Strife = Tyranny Pisistratus seized power in 560 BC Gave aristocrats’ land to the poor to gain their favor Succeed by his son & Athenians rebelled against him Cleisthenes’s Reforms Gained power in 508 BC Created a council of 500 – Citizen’s Assembly Basis of Athenian democracy Types of Government Monarchy Ruled by a single king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right Practiced in Mycenae Oligarchy Ruled by a small group of citizens Rule is based on wealth Practiced in Sparta Aristocracy Ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary & based on land ownership Social status & wealth supports authority Practiced in Athens Democracy Ruled by citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides the vote Resulted from Cleisthenes reforms Practiced in Athens Learning Objectives The students will be able to: Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens. Name the forms of government in Greece.