Transcript The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic
I. Geography
A. Protected by mountains, but
separated from rest of Europe
1. Alps
a.
Kept out European invaders
2. Apennine Mountains
b.
Run length of Italy
B. Helped to control
Mediterranean
II. The founding of Rome
A. Started by group called Latins before 700’s B.C.
B. Settled on Tiber River
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Crafted jewelry
Made Pottery
Built sewer system
Pave roads
Drain marshes
Some Greeks settled in Southern Italy
Adopted Greek gods
III. A strategic location
A. Built on seven hills, 15 miles inland on the Tiber
B. Protected from invasion by sea, center of trade
routes
IV. The Early Roman Republic
A. Romulus and Remus
B. Republic – form of government in which voters elect
officials to run the state
C. Senate – most influential and powerful body of the
government
A. In times of war a dictator could be named for six
months
D. Magistrates – elected officials
E. Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts
F. The Conflict of the Orders
1. Patricians – wealthy landowners
2. Plebeians – farmers and workers
3. The Romans engraved laws onto the Twelve Tables
a. Put them in the public square for all to see
G. The Republic Grows
1. The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict
discipline
a. Legionnaires – 4500 – 6000 soldiers
b. Auxilia – units of non-citizens
H. Earning loyalty
1. Conquered peoples were granted limited rights
2. People from different parts of empire could purchase
citizen ship
Roman Patricians and Plebeians
Controlled
government
Farmers
and
workers
Inherited
power
Patricians
Landowners
Plebeians
Nobles
majority
Barred
from
office
Roman Expansion
I. Rome Fights Carthage (in N. Africa)
A. The First Punic War
1. lasted 23 years
2. Carthage was forced to give up Sicily
B. The Second Punic War
1. Hannibal was defeated by Scipio
2. Carthage had to give up Spain and its navy
C. The Third Punic War
1. Rome again defeated Carthage and became
supreme power in Mediterranean
Causes and Results of Punic Wars
Causes
Results
First Punic War
Carthage was afraid
Rome would take
Sicily; Rome was
afraid Carthage would
close the Adriatic Sea
and Strait of Messina
Carthage asked for
peace; had to pay
reparations and give
up control of Sicily
Second Punic War
Hannibal invaded Italy Carthage asked for
peace; paid Rome
reparations and lost
the Spanish colonies
Third Punic War
Romans passionately
Carthage was
hated Carthage. Rome destroyed
declared war
II. The Problems of Expansion
A. Nobles gained more power
B. Wider gap between rich and poor
III. Roman Provinces
A. New territories
B. Ruled by governors
1.
2.
Some were corrupt
Tax collectors squeezed as much as possible
IV. Trade became new business
A. Created a middle class of business people