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Art History Unit Test #2 Rome - Early Christian - Pa 1. Rome blended Greek & Etruscan architectural influences . 2. The use of arches, vaulting and cement were pivotal in the development of architecture. 3. We see a movement from verism to idealism as we move toward the empire. Imperial sculpture, however, is often used to manipulate public opinion (propaganda). 4. Roman architecture was designed to glorify the State. 5. The Romans pushed architectural aesthetics to new and outrageous levels. The Etruscans Etruscan Terra-cotta sarcophagus Cerveteri, Italy c. 520 BCE + Temple of Portunus Rome, late 2nd century BCE = Temple of Portunus Rome, late 2nd century BCE Republican Portraiture Portrait of an Unknown Roman c. 70 BCE “Verism” The Roman Republican Head and Greek Classical head of Apollo demonstrate the difference between realism and idealism. Agustus of Primaporta c. 20 – 15 BCE The Ara Pacis 13 – 9 BCE Imperial Procession frieze And now for something so important, I’m not sure how to introduce it adequately. Anyway, here it goes…… TWO WORDS: Arch Cement Arch of Titus c. 81 Relief: Victory Procession The Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) 72-80 CE The Pantheon 143 feet 143 feet The Pantheon has a CENTRAL PLAN coffered ceiling Trajan’s Column c. 110 BCE Site plan for Trajan’s Forum The Market Gate from Miletos c. 120 CE (Turkey…now in Berlin) So. . . . . . Here’s what I want you to know about Roman wall painting: 1. Roman era wall painting deals primarily with illusionism….. the creation of space on a 2D plane. 2. These illusions were created by means of - atmospheric perspective - overlapping figures - “trompe l’oeil ” realism Still life is another common subject in 4th style frescos This is an example of the 4th style of wall painting. Mythological imagery, still life imagery, portraits and urban views are all associated with the 4th style. Villa of the Mysteries The Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus c. 260 The Tetrarchs c. 305 Early Christian Art / Architecture: Basilica Nova (The Basilica of Constantine) c. 306 - 312 The Arch of Constantine c. 315 Early Christian Painting: The subterranean catacombs of Rome “orans figures” Painted ceiling in the Catacomb of Sts. Peter and Marcellinus, Rome c.320 Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (Vatican, Rome c. 359) 3 Early Christian buildings you should know: Old St. Peter’s Basilica (reconstruction) c. 320 Basilica Plan Central Plan Course Objectives: • Can you recognize the characteristics of Early Christian style sculpture ?” • Do you know the origins and the characteristics of Early Christian architecture ?”