Transcript ROME - Coweta County Schools

THE GLORY THAT
WAS ROME
FROM REPUBLIC
TO EMPIRE
ROMAN INFLUENCES
•GOVERNMENT
•CANNONS OF LAW
•BASIS OF
LANGUAGE
•LEGAL SYSTEM
ROMULUS AND REMUS
• MYTHOLOGICAL BROTHERS
THAT WANDERED OFF AND
BECAME LOST
• THEY WERE RAISED BY A SHE
WOLF
• ROMULUS KILLS HIS
BROTHER REMUS
• IT IS FOR ROMULUS THAT
ROME GETS IT’S NAME
ROMAN REPUBLIC
• BEGAN IN 509 BC AND
LASTED UNTIL 31 BC
• RULED BY A SENATE OF 2
HOUSES (BICAMERAL)
• PATRICIANS - 200 FAMILIES
DESENDED FROM EARLY
ROME
ROMAN GOVERNMENT
• CONSULS: 2 CHOSEN BY SENATE
TO BE IN CHARGE FOR 1 YEAR,
AFTER WHICH THEY HAD TO WAIT
5 YEARS TO RUN AGAIN
• DICTATOR: SENATE ELECTED FOR
6 MONTHS IN TIMES OF CRISIS
• PLEBIANS: 90% OF
POPULATION,INCLUDES
MERCHANTS,SLAVES,
FARMERS.
• THEY HAD NO LAND OR
FAMILY NAME
• ONLY MALES COULD BE
CITIZENS
GOVERNMENT
• PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY
• SENATE
• LOCAL MAGISTRATES
DAILY LIFE
• FAMILY #1
• EARLY EDUCATION DONE
AT HOME
• COMMERCE VERY
IMPORTANT AS IS
MANUFACTURING
PUNIC WARS
• CARTHAGE WAS LOCATED IN NORTH
AFRICA
• IT WAS A POWERFUL CITY-STATE THAT
THREATENED THE ROMANS POWER IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
• ROME HAS BEST ARMY IN THE WORLD
• CARTHAGE HAS THE BEST NAVY IN THE
WORLD
PUNIC WARS
• ROME V. CARTHAGE
• THREE WARS 264-146
BC
• WARS FOUGHT OVER
EXPANSION AND
TRADING POWER
ST
1
PUNIC WAR
• 264-241 BC 23 YEARS
• HAMILICAR BARCA LEADER OF
CARTHAGE
• ROME COPIES CARTHAGES
NAVAL SHIPS BUT ADDS A RAMP
WITH A SPIKE
• ROMANS INVADE SICILIY,
SARDINIA, CORSICA, BECOME
VASTLY MORE WEALTHY
RESULTS OF 1ST PUNIC WAR
• THE AREAS BETWEEN
CARTHAGE & ROME
BECOME A POWDER KEG
• ROME LOST 20,000 MEN
• CARTHAGE ANY WHERE
FROM 400,000 TO 500,000
MEN
ND
2
PUNIC WAR
• HAMLICAR DIES AND
HANNIBAL WHO WAS RAISED
TO HATE THE ROMANS TAKE
COMMAND
• ALONG WITH HASHDRUBAL
THEY LEAD AN ATTACK ON
THE ROMANS IN SAGENTO IN
219 BC
2ND PUNIC WAR
• HANNIBAL USES ELEPHANTS LIKE
TANKS TO CROSS THE ALPS
• TRUMPETS TO ACTION!!!!
• HANNIBAL CAUGHT IN EARLY STORM
36 OF HIS 40 ELEPHANTS DIE AND
HALF HIS MEN FREEZE TO DEATH
• BATTLE OF CANNAL—ROMANS ARE
ROUTED BY THE ARMIES OF
CARTHAGE (DEFENSE)
END OF 2ND PUNIC WAR
• IN 207 THE ROMANS CAPTURE AND
BEHEAD HASDRUBAL
• THEY SEND IT TO HANNIBAL CAMP
IN A SACK
• 202 Scipio Africanus decisively defeats
Hannibal at Zama
• SCIPIO AFRICANUS: CONQUERER OF
CARTHAGE—TOTALLY DESTROYED
RESULTS OF 2ND PUNIC WAR
• ROME AQUIRES: SPAIN, PORTUGAL,
SAGENTO, MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF
GOLD, WARSHIPS AND THEIR CARGO
• ROME LOSES 300,000 MEN
• CARTHAGE LOSES 600,000 MEN
• HANNIBAL FLEES TO ASIA MINOR AND
IN 182 COMMITS SUICIDE REFUSING
TO BECOME A PRISONER
3RD PUNIC WAR
• CARTHAGE ATTACKS ROME IN 150 BC
• BUT ACTUALLY THE ROMANS HAD
PAID PEOPLE TO ATTACK THEM SO AS
TO JUSTIFY ANOTHER WAR WITH
CARTHAGE
• ROME ATTACKS CARTHAGE IN NORTH
AFRICA
TOWARDS AN EMPIRE
• ECONOMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY PUNIC
WARS
• GRACCHUS BROTHERS=TIBERIUS AND
GAIUS
– PLEBIANS, SUGGESTED THAT SENATE SHOULD
GIVE LAND TO THE POOR TIBERIUS CLUBED TO
DEATH FOR HIS TROUBLES
– SAME FATE FOR GAIUS FOR SUGGESTING POOR
IN THE ARMY (ESACPED THROUGH SUICIDE)
• CAIUS MARIUS: ELECTED TO THE
TRIBUNE (THE PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY)
• STANDARDIZED WEAPONS, NEW
TACTICS OF BATTLE
• CRUSHES THE TEUTONI IN GAUL
(MODERN FRANCE) RETURNED TO
ROME A HERO
• DIES AT AGE OF 60 AFTER DEFEATING
A 20 YEAR OLD IN A 7 MILE RACE, IN
WHICH HE GAVE THE KID A MILE HEAD
START
• SULLA: HE WILL PAVE THE ROAD FOR
THE RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR
• DEFEATS MITHRIDATES IN ASIA MINOR
AND BECAME ABSOLUTE MASTER OF
ROME
• NAME TO POST OF DICTATOR AND
UNLEASEHES HIS FURY ON THOSE
WHO OPPOSED HIM
• 79 BC HE BECOMES DICTATOR FOR
LIFE, ELIMINATES ALL COMPETITION
1ST TRIUMVIRATE
•CAESAR, JULIUS
•POMPEY
•CRASSUS
POMPEY
• 77 BC APPOINTED TO DEAL
WITH PIRATES IN THE MED.
• IN CONTROL WHEN THE
REBELLION OF SPARTACUS
TOOK PLACE
• CIVIL WAR BEGAN TO
DOMINATE ROME
• SPARTACUS: SLAVE BORN
IN THRACE. WILL LEAD
LARGEST SLAVE
REBELLION IN ROMAN
HISTORY
• BATIATUS OWNED
CAPUA THE BEST
GLADIATOR
SCHOOL IN ALL OF
ROME, BOUGHT
SPARTACUS
• MARCELLUS ONE
OF THE GREATEST
GLADIATORS IN
HISTORY,
SURVUIVED 12
YEARS AND WON
HIS FREEDOM,
TRAINED
SPARTACUS
JULIUS CAESAR
• WEALTHY PARTRICIAN
• GREAT POLITICAL LEADER
• 60 BC ALONG WITH CRASSUS &
POMPEY FORMED THE 1ST
TRIUMVIRATE
• NONE OF THESE MEN TRUSTED
EACH OTHER
• CRASSUS MOST WEALTHY LEAST
TRUSTED
• CAESAR MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER OFF TO
POMPEY
• TWO LEADING SENATORS CICERO AND CATO
WERE OPPONENTS OF THE TRIUMVIRATE
• CAESAR HAD THE KICKED OUT
• THREE MEN SEPARATE
• 53 BC CRASSUS DIES AND TRIUMVIRATE FALLS
APART, POMPEY ALLIES WITH SENATE, BIG
MISTAKE
• CAESAR FORCES OF CAESAR AND POMPEY GO TO
WAR IN SPAIN—POMPEY WILL BE MURDERED IN
EGYPT BY THE KING OF EGYPT, HIS HEAD GIVEN
TO CAESAR AS A GIFT WHEN HE ARRIVES IN
ALEXANDRIA.
• CAESAR TAKES EGYPTS KING HOSTAGE AND EVENTUALLY
MUST FLEE EGYPT TO ESCAPE
CAESAR BECOMES EMPEROR
• EGYPT BECOMES ALLY
• 44 BC HE IS MADE DICTATOR FOR
LIFE
• REFORMS ALL OF ROME
– ABOLISHED POLITICAL PARTIES,
REVISED TAXATION, TRIPLED THE
SENATE, **PARTRICAINS HATED
CAESAR**
IDES OF MARCH
• MADE RICH MAD BY
RAISING TAXES
• ASSASSINATED: MARCH 15, 44
BC
• STABBED OVER 20 TIMES, HIS
DEATH SIGNIFIED THE END OF
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
2ND TRIUMVIRATE
•OCTAVIAN
•ANTONY: relative of Caesar
•LEPIDUS
•1YR LATER OCTAVIAN RULES
ALONE
AUGUSTUS CAESAR
• ALONG WITH ANTONY DEFEATED
BRUTUS AND CRASSIUS, THE
ASSASSIANS OF CAESAR
• ANTONY AND OCTAVIAN GO TO WAR
OVER POWER, ANTHONY USES
EGYPT AND CLEOPATRA TO BACK HIS
PLAY
• DEFEATED MARC ANTONY AND
CLEOPATRA AT BATTLE OF ACTIUM IN
31 BC
AUGUSTUS CAESAR
• OCTAVIAN CHANGES NAME
TO AUGUSTUS CAESAR
• RULES DURING PAX
ROMANA (ROMAN PEACE)
• VETOED ALL LAWS MADE
BY SENATE
Pax Romana
• 200 of Roman peace
• Supported the growth of business and
a monetary system
•
Police and Fire departments organized
• Emperors were worshipped as gods
and allowed to chose successors
ROMAN ADVANCES
• Police and fire protection
• Excellent roads
• Law innocent until proven
guilty
• Aqueducts
Entertainment
• Plays
• Boxing
• Chariot Races
• Gladiators
SPORTING ARENAS OF ROME
• Coliseum
• Circus Maximus
DEATH OF OCTAVIAN
• Series of poor rulers
• Caligula: crazed-murderous
• Claudius: weak minded
• Nero: failed and Rome
burned in civil unrest
• Known as Caligula
(Little Boot), a
childhood nickname
bestowed on him by
the soldiers of his
father, Germanicus
Caesar, nephew and
adoptive son of
Tiberius.
Roman Leaders
• Vespasian: AD 69 Destroyed temple in
Jerusalem
• Titus: Commanded legions against
Jerusalem and Christians
• Trajan: 98-117 AD Colorful Emperor,
noted for huge battle against Jews at
Alexandria, Egypt 115-116 AD
• Hadrian: Builds Hadrian's wall
• Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 AD
Enlightened ruler
• Commodus: Megalomaniac murdered
on Dec. 31st 192 AD
• Diocletian: 284-305 AD Commander of
Imperial guard that become Emperor
• Constantine I: Ruler of Rome that
moved capital to Byzantium
• Romulus Augustus: 476 AD Last
western Emperor of Rome
Persecution
• Christians killed by Romans
• Christianity banned
• Emperor Constantine
converts to Christianity in
313
CHRISTIANITY
• MONOTHEISTIC
• BELIEF IN JESUS AS THE SON OF GOD AND
THE TRUE MESSIAH
• TOTALLY FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN
LEADERS
• TORTURED TO CONVERT AND USED AS
SPORT FOR THE ROMANS AMUSEMENT
(LIONS)
• ROME CONVERTS WITH CONSTANTINE
POPE
• HEAD OF THE LATIN CHURCH IN
ROME (THE CATHOLIC CHURCH)
• VICAR OF CHRIST ON EARTH
• MOST POWERFUL CHRISTIAN
LEADER ON EARTH THROUGH THE
MIDDLE AGES
• APPOINTED BY PETER THE ROCK OF
GOD
Decline of the Roman
Empire
• Political Instability
• Economic & Moral Decline
• Inflation
• Taxes
• Food shortage & Instability
• The Roman empire will
split in 330 AD with
Constantine moving it’s
capital to the city of
Byzantium
(Constantinople)
• It will fall to the Byzantines
in 476 AD