Transcript A(7.4) Rome
Can individual behaviors and beliefs effect whole civilizations? Jesus of Nazareth Augustus ordered a census, or count, of people to be taken in 1 A.D. Joseph and Mary went to Bethlehem. Mary gave birth, most likely in the Spring. (“shepherds in the fields” suggests this.) Jesus of Nazareth Wise men from Persia noticed a star and traveled to Judea, and told the “local” king, Herod, of a new king’s birth. Herod had babies killed; Jesus and his parents escaped to Egypt. Question: How did the Roman’s respond to Herod’s order? Jesus of Nazareth They returned when Herod died, but to Nazareth, where Joseph was a carpenter. Age 12, (at the traditional time of Jewish Bar Mitzvah), Jesus went to a festival at the temple in Jerusalem, and began teaching. Ministry At age thirty, Jesus began ministry at a wedding. 1st miracle was reportedly turning water to wine. He taught in synagogue. (Jewish roots) Kicked out of home town. (divisive teaching) Baptized by John the Baptist (new application of old ideas) Began to teach to crowds (new application of old ideas) Ministry Gathered followers called disciples Told stories to teach lessons called parables Criticized Jewish leadership Ministry Grew in popularity Followers included tax collectors, zealots, and fishermen The gospel records three years of ministry; healings, casting out demons, and teaching and feeding people Execution and Betrayal Jesus was betrayed by his follower, Judas Iscariot. Jesus was arrested just prior to Passover. The trial began in Jewish court. Execution and Betrayal Jewish leaders accused Jesus of false teaching, of breaking their laws and blasphemy. Jewish leaders accused Jesus of trying to rebel against Romans, of leading a revolt. Execution and Betrayal Jesus was beaten, but with no power to execute, the Jewish leadership took Jesus to the Roman Governor, Pontius Pilate. . . .. Then back to Herod Agrippa beaten again dressed in a robe . . . Execution and Betrayal Jesus was sent back to Pilate with a crown of thorns on his head. The Roman Governor gave Jews a choice for Passover, Barabbas chosen. Jesus was scourged by Romans, and then carried cross to Golgotha. Execution and Betrayal Jesus was crucified. A brutal form of execution commonly reserved for dangerous criminals or traitors. Died quickly, in approximately 6hours, Buried nearby in the tomb of a follower. Three days later followers declared he had risen from the dead. Beginnings of Christianity Fifty days later at Pentecost Christianity spread in Jewish temple when followers spoke in different languages to a huge crowd, 3,000 baptized Christianity was seen as a sect of Judaism, met in temple Christianity Spreads Jews begin to persecute Christians, Saul of Tarsus killed 100’s, then . .. He converted to Christianity. Christianity spread to Anatolia, Greece and even Rome Christianity Spreads Twelve disciples called Apostles spread religion to India, Africa, Europe and Asia, They wrote teachings and letters to gatherings called churches, the New Testament, Paul wrote most of it (well, sort of . . .) Christianity still seen as an outlaw illegal religion by Roman Empire Roman persecution killed 1,000’s Martyrdom (. . . According to tradition) Peter founder of church in Rome, leader of Apostles, crucified upside down James flayed with knives in India Paul was tried before Emperor Diocletian, may have been beheaded in the Colosseum. John survived being boiled in oil, and exiled to island of Patmos, reportedly wrote Revelation there. Every apostle except John martyred.