Transcript 8.2 Roman Republic PowerPoint

Ch 8, Sec 2: The Roman Republic
Social Groups
• Patricians-rich, elite landowners of Rome who
ran the gov’t
• Plebeians-artisans, shopkeepers, and owners
of small farms
• All men had to:
– Pay taxes
– Serve in the army
– Vote
Roman Government BreakdownConsuls
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Highest branch of government
Two Patrician men
1 year terms
Headed the army/gov’t
Could veto each other’s
decisions
• Fair system kept out abusive
politicians
Roman Government Breakdown-Praetors
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Interpreted the law
Acted as judges
Kept tax records
Handled money for
Rome
• Controlled public
festivals
Roman Government BreakdownSenators
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300 Patrician men
Served for life
Gave advice to the consuls
Made laws
Debated issues
Approved building programs
Roman Government BreakdownAssembly of Centuries
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Elected officials
Picked the consuls and praetors (pre-tor)
Passed laws
Made up of Patricians
Plebeians wanted power
• Plebeians said they wanted equal rights to the
patricians
• They paid taxes, served in the army, and had
earned a say in the gov’t
• Went on strike and created their own gov’t
• Patricians caved in and the plebeians were
able to set up the Council of the Plebs
Council of the Plebs
• All plebeians
• Elected tribunes to tell their concerns to the
Patricians
• Could veto gov’t decisions
Changes to Politics
• Laws allowed plebeians and patricians to
marry
• Laws allowed plebeians to be consuls
• Patricians and Plebeians had “equal” rights
– Patricians still had most of the power
Dictator
• A person with complete control in times of
emergency
• Ruled for 6 months at a time
• Ruled over all of Rome
• Was over even the Consuls
Cincinnatus
• Roman dictator
• Put in charge in 460 B.C. after
the Roman army was
surrounded by an outside
group
• Raised an army and defeated
the enemy in 15 days
• Went back to farming when it
was over
Twelve Tables
• Roman laws written down to make sure Patricians
did not abuse Plebeians
• 12 bronze tables were put in the marketplace in
Rome
• Started the rule of law-all citizens had the same
rights no matter what social class they belonged
to
• Only applied to Roman citizens
• Used to write laws for non-citizens called the Law
of Nations
Roman Government (6min)
Rome Expands
• Controlled all of Italy
• Wanted to control trade and sea routes
around the Mediterranean Sea
• These routes were controlled by the state of
Carthage in North Africa
First Punic War
• Carthage and Rome fought over the island of
Sicily
• Started in 264 B.C. after Rome’s army was sent
to Sicily to protect the island
• Carthage already had colonies on the island
and saw this as an invasion of their land
• Rome built a navy and defeated Carthage after
20 years of fighting
• Rome now controlled the island
Second Punic War is started
• Carthage took over parts of Spain
• Rome saw this as a threat
• Rome sent soldiers to Spain to help rebel
against Carthage
• Carthage sent Hannibal to attack Rome in 218
B.C.
Second Punic War-Battle Plan
• Hannibal took 46,000 men, horses, and
elephants to Spain to get to Italy
• Problem for Hannibal-Alps proved to difficult
to cross killing ½ of his troops
• Hannibal took over southern part of Italy
during the Battle of Cannae (Kan- ee)
Second Punic War continued
• Rome responded by having Gen. Scipio
attacking Carthage forcing Hannibal to go
home to protect Carthage
• Battle of Zama-Scipio’s troops beat Hannibal
forcing Carthage to give up Spain
• Rome won the war and ruled the
Mediterranean Sea
Third Punic War
• Carthage was burned down
• 50,000 people were enslaved
• Roman soldiers spread salt on the ground to
prevent crops from growing in Carthage
• Resulted in Rome controlling all of Carthage,
Macedonia, Greece, and part of Asia within 20
years of the end of the Punic Wars
Make a Venn diagram on your paper with Carthage and Rome at the top. Write
Down 5 differences and 1 similarity while watching the video. (10 minutes)