Transcript Ancient Rome

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The Life and Times of Julius Caesar
 Roman families were small. Parents usually had three
children or less. Children were expected to grow up
quickly.
Children in poor families had to start work as young as 5 or 6.
Richer children did little but play until they were 7.
Boys then started school. Most left at 11 to learn the family
business. Boys were considered to be adults at 14.
Girls were educated at home. They were taught how to run a
household by their mothers. Most girls were engaged by
12 and married by 14.
 Parents were affectionate towards their children but they
expected to be obeyed.
 Marriages often ended in divorce. If this happened, the
children always stayed with the father. The Romans
believed that age brought wisdom. Because of this, they
respected aged relatives.
SLAVES
WET NURSE
THE MOTHER
(A) SLAVES
Household slaves were often well treated. Many were
freed as a reward for good service.
(B) WET NURSE
The wet nurse was a slave who looked after children. She
washed, dressed, and fed them, played with them and
helped in their education. Children often saw their
parents only at the evening meal.
(C) THE MOTHER
With slaves looking after her children, the mother could
concentrate on managing the household.
AMPHITHEATRE
FORUM
BATHS
AQUEDUCT
THEATRE
TEMPLE
BASILICA
A) AMPHITHEATRE
This was used for bloodthirsty shows like gladiator fights.
(B) THEATRE
Audiences at the theatre sat in a semicircle facing the stage.
(C) FORUM
The forum was the town's main meeting place and market square. The covered sides
contained shops and offices.
(D) BATHS
Every town had at least one public bathhouse; large towns had several. Baths were popular
social centers.
(E) AQUEDUCT
Aqueducts brought supplies of clean drinking water to the town.
(F) TEMPLE
Roman temple architecture closely copied Greek styles. Temples were usually built on a
raised platform.
(G) BASILICA
The basilica was used as a law court and meeting hall for the town council. It was always
built next to the forum.
753 B.C. - 509 B.C.
The Monarchy
• Many different kings ruled Rome
• The last of the kings were the Tarquins
– oppressive
– overthrown by Lucius Junius Brutus (ancestor
of the character Marcus Brutus in the play.)
• Monarchy was replaced with a Republican
form of government
509 BC-57 BC
The Republic
One brief dictatorship (82 B.C. to 79 B.C.) Sulla who was Caesar’s uncle.
The Roman Citizen
Meeting of Cenuturiate Assembly laws,
treaties, declarations of war election of:
Priests
determination
of will of gods,
calendar, law
2 censors (every
5 years)
Senate
(Advice)
Provinces
finance
Meeting of Tribal Assembly
plebiscites - election of:
2 consuls,
(generals,
direction of
government)
Praetors,
Judicial
Machinery,
governors
10 Tribunes
Quaestors
(financial)
2 aediles
(city of
Rome)
Government of Rome about 264 BC
2 aediles
VETO
Tribune
Consuls - The highest office elected
(2 served here)
Centuriate Assembly - Aristocratic Body
Plebiscites - legislation passed by Tribal
Assembly
Magistrates - served one year terms (never
renewed)
Quaestors - Financial Officials
Aedilies - Supervise Markets and Roads
Tribunes - Protect the interests of the
working class
Pontifex Maximus - supervise public
sacrifices and festivals and sets
calendar
The Two Consuls
Highest ranking officials
Elected in pairs for one year terms
Commanders and Chiefs of the Army
Presided over the Senate
The Senate
Main ruling body of Rome
600 members were selected by the consuls
Comprised of Patricians - wealthy noble
and middle class citizens
Their decisions became law unless they
were vetoed by the Tribunes.
CONSULS
LICTORS
TOGA
SENATORS
(A) LICTORS
The consul was escorted by lictors in public. Lictors carried bundles of
rods and axes called fasces. These were symbols of the consul's powers.
(B) TOGA
The toga was a semicircular piece of woolen cloth that was wrapped
around the body. Only Roman citizens were allowed to wear the toga.
(C) CONSULS
The consuls were the most senior magistrates. They controlled foreign
affairs and commanded the army in wartime. Two consuls were elected
each year.
(D) SENATORS
Only men with experience in government were allowed to join the
Senate. There were 300 senators and they served for life.
The Senate
Aristocratic Class
The Tribunes
The only plebian (working class) elected
officials.
They had the power to veto the Senate
They were to protect the rights of ordinary
citizens.
They were not allowed to be arrested - to
protect them from Senate retribution.
They were often assassinated.
Tribunes
The Vox Populari
Exempt from Arrest
57B.C. - 48 B.C.
The First Triumvirate
Crassus and Pompey vied for power with their
wealth and armies
Julius Caesar negotiated a compromise
Divided the empire into regions with exclusive rule
– Gaul: Caesar
– Spain: Pompey
– Syria: Crassus
Civil War
• Political anarchy reigned in Rome with
some senators plotting with Pompey to
try Caesar for treason.
• Caesar and his army chased Pompey out
of Italy into Greece
• Crassus was defeated and killed by
another Army in Syria
48 B.C. - 44 B.C.
Caesar’s Rule
• After defeating Pompey, Caesar
– Traveled to Egypt
– Fell in love with 17 year old Cleopatra
– Subdued several rebellions in Syria, Asia
Minor, Africa, and Spain
– Established himself as the master of the Roman
Empire
– (This is the when Shakespeare’s Play is set)
100 B.C. July 13 - Caesar's Birth
84 Caesar marries the daughter of L. Cornelius Cinna
75 Pirates capture Caesar
73 Caesar is elected Pontifex
69 Cornelia, the wife of Caesar, dies
67 Caesar marries Pompeia
65 Caesar is elected Aedile
63 Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus
62 Caesar divorces Pompeia
61 Caesar becomes Governor of Further Spain
60 Caesar is elected Consul and forms the Triumvirate
59 Caesar is elected Consul
58 Caesar defeats the Helvetii and Germans
55 Caesar crosses the Rhine and invades Britain
54 Caesar's daughter, who is also Pompey's wife, dies
53 Crassus is killed
52 Clodius is murdered; Caesar defeats Vercingetorix
49 Caesar crosses the Rubicon - Civil War begins
48 Pompey is murdered
45 Caesar is declared dictator for life
J.Caesar
Gaul
Pompey
Spain
Crassus
Syria
44 BC Ides of March, Caesar is assassinated
The Second Triumvirate
•
Marcus Antonius
–
•
(Marc Antony)
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
–
(Lepidus)
• Gaius Julius Caesar
Octavianus
–
(Octavius)
–
("Octavian", later "Caesar Augustus")