Transcript Popular government - bugilsocialstudies

Characteristics of all Greek city states
• Small Size
• Small population
• An original polis (acropolis or high up
place)
• A public meeting place called an agora
• This is how we identified whether or not
it was a “Greek” city state.
Greece changes Geographically
Factors that brought them together and Factors
that kept them apart
• Rugged Mountains
separating the valleys
• Common Language,
Religion, and festivals
• Rivalries between citystates
• Co-operative
supervision of certain
temples
• separate legal systems
• Belief that the Greeks
were descended from
the same ancestors
• independent calendars,
money, weights and
measures
• Fierce spirit of
independence
Political
• Popular government - is the idea that
people could and should rule themselves
rather than be ruled by others.
• Monarchy
• Autocracy
• Aristocracy
•
Oligarchy
• Tyranny
• Democracy
ATHENS
Golden Age
Today
Athenian Government
• In early times ruled by kings
• Later, the aristocracy, selected
representatives called archons
• Merchants later replaced some of the
nobility
• Finally, the four reformers (tyrannts) and
we have Periclean democracy
Athenian social classes
•
•
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Nobility
Merchants, Artisans
Peasant
Slaves – common Athenian practice to
free their slaves
• Metics – foreigners allowed to live in
Athens but could not become citizens
SPARTA
Spartan Government
• First the Council of Old which had to have
approval of the popular assembly of
spartiates over 30 years of age
• Later, 5 ephors ruled
Spartan social stratification
• Privileged rules class – spartiates
• Small landholders, tradesmen, artisans –
perioeci
• Attached to the soil and provide auxiliary
military service – helots
• Slaves
Citizen Rights
a) access to courts
b) no enslavement (but the very creation of
citizen class makes the distinction that
other people are slaves - that's what
makes citizenship a privilege)
c) religious and cultural participation
d) death penalty was rare
e) becoming a citizen was nearly impossible
f) citizen duties - taxes, military service
Characteristics of Greek Art
(mostly Athenian)
• Expressed ideals of
harmony, balance, order
and moderation.
• Glorified humans
• Combined beauty and
usefulness
• Symbolized pride of
people in their citystates
Red Figure Style
Black Figure Style
Greeks become teachers of me
• Great Philosophers (SPA)
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
• Greece absorbed into the Roman Empire and
the Greeks teach the Romans
• Later the de Medici’s of Florence rediscover
the teachings and treasures of the Greeks and
use them to form modern Europe
Great Athenian Philosophers
• Socrates
- Know thyself!
- question everything
- only the pursuit of goodness
brings happiness.
• Plato
- The Academy
- the world of the FORMS
- The Republic  philosopher-king
• Aristotle
-
the Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]
Logic
Scientific method.
Persian Wars:499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars
• Marathon (490 BCE)
- 26 miles from Athens
• Thermopylae (480 BCE)
- 300 Spartans at the mountain pass
• Salamis (480 BCE)
- Athenian navy victorious
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
• DRAMA (tragedians):
- Aeschylus
- Sophocles
- Euripides
• THE SCIENCES:
- Pythagoras
• - Democritus  all matter made up of
small atoms.
- Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”
Acropolis
The Acropolis Today
The Parthenon
The Agora
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Delian and Archeon Leagues
• 499 BCE beginning of Persian wars which
lasted throughout the 5th century
resulting in a unification of the Greek city
states under first Athenian hegemony
• The predominant influence, as of a state,
region, or group, over another or others.
• then under Sparta influence finally ending
with the defeat of both and Thebes
controlling before the ascension of
Macedonia throughout the Agean Sea
Peloponnesian Wars
Macedonia Under Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s Empire
The Hellenization of Asia
Economy of the Hellenistic World
Alexander the Great in Persia
Division of Alexander’s Empire