Transcript Ch 6 Sec 1 The Romans Create a Republic

Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives
 Explain the legend and probable reason as to why
the city of Rome was created.
 Describe how Rome becomes a Republic and how the
Roman Republic was set up.
753 B.C.: Myth of Romulus and
Remus
Myth of Romulus and Remus
Rome is located
at the midway
point between
the Alps to the
north and the
southern tip of
Italy.
It is a strategic
location and has
fertile soil.
Rome’s Location
(Palatine,
Aventine,
Capitoline or
Capitolium,
Quirinal,
Viminal,
Esquiline and
Caelian)
The Seven Hills of Rome
Latins: settled
in Latium, along
the Tiber River
(1000 B.C.)
Successful
farmers and
traders
Latins
Greeks:
Southern Italy
and Sicily
(750 to 600
B.C.)
Sophisticated
Iron tools and
weapons
Language and
gods
Greeks
Northern Italy
Influenced Roman
alphabet
Use of the arch
Roman gods took on
Greek characteristics
just changed names
Zeus-Jupiter
Hera-Juno
Winning favor of gods by
rituals influenced by
Etruscans
Etruscans
The Early Republic
 Etruscan king 600 B.C. Seven kings of Rome
 Tarquinius Priscus (The Elder): Fifth and 1st Etruscan
Draining of valley of Palatine Hill for the Forum
 Laid out plans for the Circus Maximus
 Chariot races around Palatine and Aventine Hills
- Tarquinius Superlus (The Proud): 509 B.C.
Etruscan
Grandson of Tarquinius the Elder
Seventh and last King of Rome
Built and improved roads
Driven from power in 509 B.C.

Roman Republic
 Republic
 Power rests with citizens
 Right to vote to select leaders
Two Consuls



Lead Rome in times of war, usually generals
Military emergency, appoint dictator (Cincinnatus) six months
One year, One consul could veto the other, not elected again
for 10 years
Senate
Senate (300)
Made up of Patricians
Aristocratic Landowners
Made up most of the power
Inherited power and social stature
Served for life
Influence over foreign and domestic policy
Assembly
 Made up of Plebeians
 Farmers, Artisans and Merchants
 Two Assemblies

Centuriate Assembly (Patrician Controlled)
 Citizen-Soldiers
• Appointed consuls and made laws
Tribal Assembly
Elected Tribunes and made laws for common people
Twelve Tables
 First written law of Rome
 Forced by Plebeians
 Basis for Roman Law
The Twelve Tables
 Table I.
 1. If anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go. If the man
summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to
witness and then take him by force.
 Table II.
 2. He whose witness has failed to appear may summon him by loud calls before
his house every third day.
 Table III
 1. One who has confessed a debt, or against whom judgment has been
pronounced, shall have thirty days to pay it in. After that forcible seizure of
his person is allowed.
Table IV

2. If a father sell his son three times, the son shall be free from his father.
 Table V.
 1. Females should remain in guardianship even when they have attained their
majority.
Roman Army
 Citizens required to serve
 Ten years required for public office
 Legion: 5,000 soldiers
 Century: 80 soldiers
Conquering of Italy
 Defeated by Gauls in 390 B.C.
 265 B.C.: Defeated Etruscans and Greeks
 Laws and treatment of conquered peoples
 Latins full citizens of Rome
 Other conquered groups, Roman citizens without vote
 Allies: Rome left them alone if they sent troops
Punic Wars
 First Punic War (264 B.C. – 241 B.C.)
 Cause: Control of Sicily
 Effect: Rome gains Sicily, uneasy peace
 Second Punic War (218 B.C. – 202 B.C.)
 Cause: Hannibal avenge Carthage loss
 Defeats Romans at Battle of Cannae 216 B.C.
 Romans regroup
 Scipio, Roman general, attacks Carthage
 202 B.C. Hannibal defeated at Zuma near Carthage
 Third Punic War (149 B.C. – 146 B.C.)
 Cause: Cato “Carthage must be destroyed”
 Effect: Carthage destroyed, people sold into slavery