Transcript Ancient Greece - Cobb Learning

Ancient Greece
Geographic Features Influencing Greek Development
•The Sea
•Peninsula within easy sailing distance from
Egypt and the Fertile Crescent
•Many Greeks became merchants and traders
•Insufficient farmland and natural resources
•Established colonies on shores of
Mediterranean
•Mountains
•Enclosed fertile valleys that were isolated
•Transportation over mountains were
hazardous
•Allowed for many city-states that were
independent
•Lack of unity in Greece
•Climate
•Mild climate allowed for much outdoor
activity including sports and civic life
Minoans
2000-1400 BCE
Crete
Minotaur
Palace at Knossos
Throne Room and Store Room
Linear A and Linear B
Myceneans
2000-1200 BCE
Dorians
1100-700’s BCE
Homer
Iliad
Odyssey
Hellenic Period
(Classical Greece)
700’s-336 BCE
“Rise of the Greek city-states”
The agora
Sparta vs. Athens
Athens vs. Sparta
• Descendants of the
Mycenaeans
• Attica peninsula
• Intellectual education
– rhetoric
• Economy
– Agriculture-grapes and olives
– Merchants and artisans
– Coins
• Descendants of Dorians
• Peloponnesus peninsula
• Physical Education
– Boxing
– gymnastics
• Economy
– Agricultural
– Iron
– Lagged
Phalanx
SPARTA
Hoplite: citizen soldier (Spartan)
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the
Spartans.
Athens
• Masters of
strategy
• Masters of
naval warfare.
• Trireme
Persians
• Known for their
archery skills.
• Xerxes still holds
a grudge for the
Greek defeat of
his father Darius
Greco-Persian Wars
500-479 BCE
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Salamis
Battle Thermopylae
Xerxes (Persian)
Themistocles (Athenian)
King Leonidas (Spartan)
Herodotus
“300”
• Thermopylae today. In 480 BCE the coast would
have been where the road is today.
Golden Age of Athens
Athens’ Road to Democracy
Draco:
First law giver, although associated with
harsh laws
Solon:
reforms Draco’s laws. Beginning of moral
law/democracy.
Cleisthenes:
Ostracon.
“Father of Democracy”. Creates a type of
legislature to make laws for the people.
"To advise according to the laws what
was best for the people".
Pericles and the Golden Age of Athens
• The height of Greece’s
intellectual accomplishments
and economic productivity
• 460 BCE – 429 BCE
Public officials now paid so even the
poorest citizen could participate if
elected
The Parthenon at the Acropolis
Phidias’ Acropolis
The Acropolis Today
The Agora
The ancient Greeks invented three types of columns.
The Doric style is
the most plain.
The Ionic design is
famous for its scrolls.
The Corinthian style
is quite fancy.
Phidias
Statue of Athena
30 feet tall
Made of gold and ivory
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Portray ideal
beauty and
proportion…not
realism.
Graceful, strong,
and perfectly
formed
Olympia
Site of first Olympic games
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
A section of the stone
starting line at Olympia,
which has a groove for each
foot
Science and Math
Pythagoras:
Pythagorean theorem
in geometry
Hippocrates: Greek
physician, father of
medicine
Historians
Herodotus—Father of History
– Arranged his accounts from what he was told into a
narrative (history)
– Detailed account of Persian War
– Best source of information about Persian Empire and
Greece
Thucydides
–
–
–
–
Human aspects of history
History of Peloponnesian War (Athens vs. Sparta)
Rejected idea that deities played role in human history
Eyewitness accounts, evidence
Festival of Dionysus
• Greek theatre began as
religious rites paying
homage to Dionysus
• Dionysus = god of Wine
and Fertility
• Dancing and singing
hymns
Comedies (humorous)
• Mocked people and ideas
• Aristophanes—first antiwar play
Tragedies (serious drama)
– Sophocles-Oedipus
the King
– Euripedes-Medea
Drama and
Theater
Greek Masks
voice amplification and anonymity (anonymous)
Philosophy
• Philosophers: “Lovers of wisdom”
• Logic and reason to understand the
universe
• Sophists— “man is the measure of all
things” …questioned existence and
Greek Gods
VS.
• Socrates—absolute truth and standards
exist
– Examine your beliefs
– Socratic Method/Questioning
• allows student to arrive at own conclusions
• goal to realize perfect ethics / ethical behavior
Peloponnesian War
431-404 BCE
Delian League
Vs.
Peloponnesian
League.
Outcome:
• After almost 25 years of battle, Athens surrenders,
but there is no real winner. Sparta has no money,
has no real system of rule, and “things fall apart”.
• The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek
world. The economic costs of the war were felt all
across Greece; poverty became widespread in the
Peloponnese, while Athens found itself completely
devastated, and never regained its pre-war
prosperity
• Someone is going to have to “save the day”…..
… and his son Alexander the Great.