Transcript Greco-Persian War

Level One Humanities
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What comes to mind when you think of
Ancient Greece?
Where is Greece? What are some natural
boundaries of Greece?
What are two major contributions to Western
Civilization that the Greeks made?
Name the two ancient cultures that inhabited
the island of Crete and influenced Greek
culture.
What two famous epics were composed
during the Dark Age of Greece?
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What is an acropolis?
What was the primary unit of political
organization of Ancient Greece?
Name two important/influential ancient Greek
city-states
Name a Greek god and what they represent
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The Minoan
◦ http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=mi
noans##
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The Mycenaean
◦ http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/from-mycenaescollapse-to-greek-colonization.html#lesson
Minoans
Myceaneans
Please include at least three
items in each section
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The 2014 Winter Olympics have begun!
Olympics held as a religious festival honoring Zeus
The first documented Olympic game was in 776
BCE, but was most likely not the first ever played
Olympic games continued after Roman conquest
Banned in 393 CE by Roman Emperor Theodosius I
as a pagan ritual
First modern Olympic game held in Athens in 1896
CE
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks
/the_olympic_games/
Terms
 Democracy
 Republic
 Oligarchy
 Monarchy
 Aristocracy
Stems
 “demo”
 “polis”
 “acro”
 “archy”
 “oligo”
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What are some benefits of working in a
collaborative group?
What are some drawbacks of working in a
group setting?
What IB Learner Profile Traits do you need to
be successful in a group assignment?
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Leader (Delegates tasks, manages time, makes sure that all
written and verbal directions are followed, ensures that each
member is on task and has the chance to offer input)
Speaker (Presents the group’s findings to the class in a
clear, organized manner and collaborates with other
members to understand the content, asks the teacher
questions on behalf of the group)
Scribe (Records the group’s answers in printed or typed
form, creates attractive visuals and pictures to accompany the
presentation or demonstrate concepts to the class)
Scholar (Conducts research, defines unfamiliar words, makes
connections to other content)
ALL GROUP MEMBERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL PORTIONS OF THE ASSIGNMENT!
It is expected that all members will work together to complete the tasks!
Groups of three: The Leader will assume the role of Speaker as well
Groups of five: The Scribe’s role will be divided into two: a writer and an illustrator
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Group One- Government & Politics
Group Two- Geography & Economy
Group Three- Religion & Beliefs
Group Four- Arts & Sciences
Group Five- Government & Politics
Group Six- Geography & Economy
Answer the four questions on the assignment
sheet plus all questions on the supplemental
worksheet
Create/Delete groups as needed, repeating order
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Define the following stems: demo, acro, polis,
archy, oligo
Draw a picture of the one of the following
words that illustrates the definition:
democracy, republic, oligarchy, monarchy,
aristocracy
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Democracy
Republic
Oligarchy
Monarchy
Aristocracy
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Our words
Government in which the power is
held by the people and exercised by
them directly or indirectly through a
system of representation usually
involving free elections
A state in which supreme power is
held by the people and their elected
representatives, and which has an
elected or nominated president
rather than a monarch.
A small group of people having
control of a country, organization, or
institution
A form of government headed by a
hereditary sovereign head of state,
esp. a king, queen, or emperor.
A government by the best individuals
or by a small, wealthy, landholding
privileged class
As they will appear on
the quiz
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What is the difference between a democracy
and a republic?
What is the difference between an oligarchy
and an aristocracy?
Who is in charge of a monarchy?
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Take out a blank sheet of paper
Write your name, date, and block in the upper
right hand corner
Write “Vocab Quiz One” across the top of your
paper
Write the color of your quiz paper on your
sheet of paper (very important!!!)
Do not write on your quiz sheet
Turn both into me when complete
You will have fifteen minutes to complete this
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Myth
Fable
Epic (literature)
Pantheon
Agora
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Peninsula
Archipelago
Isthmus
Assembly
Tyrant
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Myth
Fable
Epic (literature)
Pantheon
Agora
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Our Words
A traditional story, esp. one concerning
the early history of a people or
explaining some natural or social
phenomenon, and typically involving
supernatural beings or events
A short story, typically with animals as
characters, conveying a moral.
A long poem, typically one derived
from ancient oral tradition, narrating
the deeds and adventures of heroic or
legendary figures or the history of a
nation.
All the gods of a people or religion
collectively
(in ancient Greece) a public open space
used for assemblies and markets.
As they will appear on
the quiz
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Peninsula
Archipelago
Isthmus
Assembly
Tyrant
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Our Words
A piece of land almost
surrounded by water or
projecting out into a body
of water.
A group or chain of islands
A narrow strip of land with
sea on either side, forming
a link between two larger
areas of land.
A group of people gathered
together in one place for a
common purpose
A non-elected absolute
ruler that takes power by
force
As they will appear on
the quiz
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Please take out your homework
Illustrate one of your words from Vocab List
Two that clearly demonstrates your
understanding of the definition.
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What is the main difference between a myth
and an epic?
What is the main difference between a
peninsula and an isthmus?
Is there a word for Vocabulary List One you
still struggle with? Which one?
Is there a word from Vocabulary List Two you
are struggling with? Which one?
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Take out a blank sheet of paper
Write your name, date, and block in the upper
right hand corner
Write “Vocab Quiz Two” across the top of
your paper
Do not write on your quiz sheet (class set)
Turn both into me when complete
You will have fifteen minutes to complete this
When you finish you may read a book, work
on assignments for other classes, or revise
your fable
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A cat lived on a farm and was best friends with a
mouse. They played together all day and enjoyed
tormenting the dog. The mouse was very sneaky and
always knew exactly how to make the dog upset. The
mouse was very bossy and would convince the cat to
do bad things. Together, the cat and mouse often got
the dog very angry. The farmer would see the dog
snarling at the cat and punish the dog for being
mean. One day, the dog got an idea to get back at
them.
The dog found some of the farmer’s cheese and put
it on the kitchen floor. The mouse saw the cheese
and could not resist. When the mouse was nibbling
the cheese, the farmer yelled for the cat to catch the
mouse, having no idea that they were friends. The cat
had no choice but to catch the mouse. As he ate him
he thought, “I should pick better friends!”
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There once was a T-Rex that wanted to be a
fitness model. He didn’t want to eat meat and
roar, rather he wanted to do push ups and eat
salad. The problem was that his arms were too
short, and every salad he ate gave him heartburn.
After weeks of failed pushups and indigestion, he
was so hangry that his mighty roar caused all the
trees in the forest to fall, killing every other
dinosaur. All trees, being uprooted died, so there
was no more leaves for salad. The T-Rex having
nothing to eat had to consume the rotting
corpses of the dinosaurs. Then he became a
zombie and starved to death.
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NO spelling or grammar errors
Full sentences!
Lots of detail!
Makes sense! (follows PLOT)
Length requirement- two paragraphs AT LEAST
(so it may be longer)
Two characters- at least one is an animal
Must have a moral
Include a relevant illustration that you draw (no
internet images)
Typed OR neatly hand written
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Due next class
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◦ IF YOU TYPE IT… SAVE IT!!!!
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What is your definition of a hero? What
qualities does a hero need to have? Can you
make any IB learner profile connections?
Do you have a personal hero (perhaps a
parent, guardian, coach or celebrity)? What
makes you look up to that person?
What qualities do you think a hero would
have needed to be considered “heroic” in
Ancient Greece? (Think to what you may
already know about Greek epics and myths)
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Name a Greek god and what they are known
for
Do you know any stories about them from
myths? What is their personality like, or based
on what they are the god/goddess of, what
can you infer about how they would act?
Imagine them as a kid your age, what might
they be like? (In some cases, there may be
Greek myths about them as children, so think
about that).
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Please take out your yearbook project
What did you learn from doing the Greek god
yearbook page?
What did you like about (or what worked well)
the project?
What are our OFI’s? (Opportunities For
Improvements)
What should change about the assignment?
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What were the causes of the Greco-Persian
War?
◦ First, Next, Then, Last
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What were the effects of that war?
Who benefited the most and why?
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What were the causes of the Peloponnesian
War?
◦ Think: First, Next, Then, Last
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What were the effects of that war?
Who benefited the most and why?
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You and your group will create a visual
organizer to help us get the details of the
Greco-Persian War and the Peloponnesian
War straight.
It should clearly go through PLOT (first, next,
then, last- please note, there will be multiple
nexts/thens)
You are free to choose how you will organize
and display the information (use lecture and
film materials)
Next, Athens sends
troops to help the
Ionians because…
First, Persia
invades Ionia
Then, the Persians
retreat and Darius vows
revenge
Themistocles
builds triremes
Silver discovered
near Athens
Greek Victory Darius dies, son
Xerxes takes over
20,000 Persians
and builds army
land in Marathon Phidippides
legendary run
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Greece is located in Southern Europe, on the
Mediterranean Sea and next to Asia Minor.
Primarily surrounded by water, covered in rocky
mountains and hills, with over 1000 islands
Most soil is not suited for agriculture and
historically, Greece has relied on trade
◦ About 19% of land is suitable for farming
◦ Barley, grapes, olives, fruits & nuts
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Circa 2000 BCE, the Minoans thrive on the island
of Crete
Agriculture & Trade based economy
Linear A -has not been deciphered (not Greek)
Frescos & pottery tell us about them
◦ Peaceful
◦ Matriarchal
◦ Widespread
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Circa 1600 BCE volcanic
eruption cripples society
Circa 1400 BCE Mycenaean
take over Crete
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Built settlements on Greek mainland
Warriors
Take over Crete around 1400 BCE
Trade based economy
Linear B script- precursor to Greek, syllabic,
only used by scribes
Circa 1200 BCE a series of earthquakes
weaken their civilization and invaders from
the north (Dorian Invasion) conquer the
Mycenaean
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The Dorians had no written language and did
not depict their way of life in art
1200 BCE to about 800 BCE written records
end
Story tellers travel throughout Greece telling
legends and myths (language, culture,
religion)
◦ Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey
◦ Fables by Aesop
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Trade routes break down
city-states form
independent
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Aesop (c. 620 BCE) possibly a slave, perhaps
a king’s advisor, of uncertain origin (most
likely didn’t exist at all)
A collection of 600+ fables are credited to
him
Fables are stories that are meant to teach
morals and usually use animals as primary
characters
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Tortoise and the Hare- slow & steady wins the race!
Ant and the Grasshopper- plan ahead and be responsible
Boy Who Cried Wolf- always tell the truth
Goose With Golden Eggs- Greed doesn’t pay off
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3V9uL_ruafU
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Attributed to Homer (sequel is the Odyssey)
Back story:
◦ Thetis (a sea goddess) marries a mortal man (they are the
parents of Achilles), all gods get invited except Eris. She
gets back at them by sending a golden apple (beauty
contest prize)
◦ Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam judges the contest
and picks Aphrodite and is rewarded with the most
beautiful woman in the world Helen.
◦ Helen is already married to Menelaus, the king of Sparta.
Paris was a guest at a feast and kidnaps Helen
◦ Everyone is mad
◦ Menelaus’ brother is King Agamemnon of Mycenae and he
rounds up his army (including great warrior Odysseus) and
most Greek city-states
◦ The gods pick sides
◦ Greeks have Troy surrounded and under siege for nine
years (Iliad picks up here in the tenth year of the war)
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Achilles being half man/half god has super strength
and agility = mightiest warrior
◦ Struggles with mortality, (the idea of dying) and wants to
become immortal through his deeds
◦ Mother gives him as much protection as possible (River
Styx and the “Achilles Heel”, shield of Achilles)
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He is the main character and always looking for a
fight (Agamemnon, lesser deities, etc.)
His bff Patroclus is killed by Hector Priam’s eldest son
and heir to the Trojan throne
Achilles kills Hector and dishonors the body
Patroclus comes to Achilles in a dream and a cease
fire is called for Hector’s funeral (end of the Iliad)
Killed by Paris with an arrow guided by Apollo into his
heel
Trojan war ends after Odysseus comes up with the
Trojan Horse plan
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Trojan War: “Unsolved History: The Trojan
War part one”
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?N
tt=homer
Iliad:
◦ http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/theiliad-greek-epic.html#lesson
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Odyssey
◦ http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/theodyssey-greek-epic.html#lesson
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Well know for arts, literature, government, and
educational system
Patron god: Athena= goddess of wisdom
Boys well educated (start around 6 or 7, then go
to middle school and high school, then into the
military)
Girls were excluded from citizenship; taught how
to be a good wife and mother
Democracy
◦ Direct Democracy
◦ Pericles
◦ Only male citizens could vote
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Well known for their skills in warfare
Boys begin military training at age seven and
join the agoge which would last until the were
thirty
◦ Combat, physical fitness, social skills (loyalty), music,
language
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Women had more freedom almost equal to men
◦ Own land, divorce, inherit property, delayed marriage,
literate & educated
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Oligarchy: two hereditary kings and council of
elders
The city-states of Greece actively involved
from 492–449 BCE
 The rapidly expanding Persian Empire
invaded Ionia, a region across the Aegean Sea
in modern day Turkey
 Athenian troops went to Ionia and helped
them kick out the Persians in
499 BCE
 The Persian king Darius gathers
his armies and invades
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Battle of Marathon 490 BCE
20,000 Persians arrive in Marathon, approx. 26
miles away from Athens
Spy alerts Athens, they surprise attack in the
night and win
Pheidippides (?), a messenger runs first to Sparta
to request backup (they refused) then ran
nonstop to report the victory in Athens & dies
after the report (26 miles, 285 yards=modern
marathon)
Persians retreat, ten years later Darius’ son
Xerxes will invade again
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Xerxes sends 200,000 men and 800 ships to
Greece
480 BCE Battle of Salamis results in a great
victory for the Greeks (choke point + large army
= confusing mess)
Couple more battles, Persians retreat, Greeks on
the offensive
Athens and other city-states meet on the island
of Delios and form the Delian League
Delian League punishes those who did not fight
against Persia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHMu2gVzs
pA
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Delian Leauge was dominated by Athens
◦ Moved the treasury to Athens to “protect it” from
Persia
◦ Members could only give money, not soldiers or ships
like in the past
Growing resentment of Athens
◦ Used the taxes raised to build the Parthenon in 447BCE
◦ Athens uses the navy to expand their territory and
weaken Persia
◦ When a helot (domestic & agricultural slaves) rebellion
erupted in Sparta, Athens sends troops to aid them
◦ Sparta refuses support, Athens orders members to end
trade with them
◦ Sparta declares war on Athens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXnEewb4GE4
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Sparta puts Athens under siege 431 BCE
Athens gets supplies from allies and resists
All the people living around Athens ordered
inside the city for safety
Disease spreads quickly and kills 2/3 of the
population, including Pericles
Sparta retreats fearing that they would get sick
Athens regroups, uses navy and truce with
Sparta declared
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFXJWkEvNgk
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Athens continues to expand, and launched an
attack on Sicily in 413 BCE
Sicily asks Sparta for help, receive support
Athens loses, army and navy power reduced
Athens requires more taxes
losing allies
Sparta gets Persian help
404 BCE Athens surrenders &lost all territory
and colonies, navy, and city walls. Ruled as a
Spartan outpost for ten years
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Born in 356 BCE to King Philip II of Macedon(ia)
Educated by Aristotle as a young teen
◦ Exposed to Greek culture: arts, science, literature, language
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Philip expands his kingdom, unites most of Greece
under his banner
336 BCE Philip II assassinated, Alexander inherits
throne
Begins rapid expansion and conquest campaign
◦ Never lost a battle
◦ Spread Greek cultural throughout his expanding empire
 Cultural diffusion: the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or
a cultural pattern from a central point.
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◦ Asia minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt, India
◦ Hellenistic Greece
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/alexander-thegreat-and-the-birth-of-hellenism.html#lesson (start at 2:40)
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323 BCE dies in Babylon of a fever, no clear heir
Empire divided up among his generals
It’s a big mess… 323-281 BCE fighting among
the diadochi (successors)
◦ Ptolemy takes Egypt, forms Ptolemaic Dynasty (ends
with Cleopatra 31 BCE, absorbed by Rome)
◦ Seleucus takes Asia Minor/Mesopotamia/Persia forms
Seleucid Empire (ends in 63 BCE, absorbed by Rome)
◦ Cassander takes Macedonia (which is mostly mainland
Greece), executes Alexander’s wife and son
◦ Lysimachus takes Thrace/Pergamon (most of modern
Turkey)
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Themistocles
Pericles
Pheidippides
Alexander the Great
Aesop’s fables
Homer’s works
Trojan War
Location of Greece and natural
boundaries
Island of Crete
Compare/Contrast Minoans +
Mycenaeans
Dorian Invasion
Greek Dark Ages (post Dorian
invasion)
Classical Greece (city-states era)
Hellenistic Greece (post
Alexander)
Athens
Sparta
Status of women in Athens vs.
Sparta
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Greek gods
Myth
Fable
Epic
Archipelago
Isthmus
Acropolis
Pantheon
Parthenon
Democracy
Oligarchy
Monarchy
Tyrant
Republic
Agora
Assembly
Delian League
Greco-Persian War (cause &
effect + highlights)
Peloponnesian War (cause &
effect + highlights)
Cultural diffusion
Agoge
Diadochi