Transcript The City -State of Sparta

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The City -State of Sparta
The original Spartans were Dorians
who moved onto the Peloponnesus
around 1200 B.C.
They made Sparta their capital, and
enslaved the locals, who they called
helots.
The Spartans were boastful and
warlike.
The Spartans had a type of caste
system, citizens, neighbors, and helots.
Sparta (cont.)
• Government in Sparta- had an
Assembly elected by all citizens, but the
five ephors, or overseers really
controlled the government.
• Money and luxury were looked down
on and people were forbidden to travel
freely.
• The military dominated Spartan life.
Newborn babies were checked for
health, children taught to survive.
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Athens
Athens was a nation of independent
sea-traders. No military class.
Athens had three classes, The citizens,
the metics, or aliens, and the slaves.
Athenian government was controlled
by an assembly of aristocrats.
The elected nine archons or rulers served for one year
Draco - 621 B.C. Harsh legal code.
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Athens (cont..)
Solon served as archon in 594 B.C.
Helped with the debtor laws, and
installed citizen courts.
Pisistratus - 560 B.C. became a tyrant
and exiled those that disagreed.
Cleisthenes - set up the Council of 500
and established a jury of peers for
trials. Established direct democracy
Representative democracy -people elect
someone to do the work.
Daily Life in Greece
• Farming was the main occupation.
Farmers used terracing or creating
small plots of land on a hill. (Olives,
grapes, imported grain)
• Manufacturing - Small home owned
workshops. Athenian pottery and the
shipping of goods.
• Homes and Streets - Simple homes for
citizens on narrow streets, no sewage,
or garbage collection.
Family Life and Education
• Marriage was very important in Greek
society. Women married at 13 - 14 to
men twice their age. Women took care
of boys until the age of six.
• A Pedagogue taught the boys manners
and took care of him.
• Education _ most Greeks were poor,
education was valued. The study of
grammar, rhetoric. Sophists conducted
schools for boys.
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The Defense of Greece
War between Persia and Greece.
Athens supported a revolt against
Persia by Greek colonies.
Darius I landed forces at Marathon.
Persians defeated by Athenians.
Xerxes attacks in 480 B.C. The
Spartans hold off a vast army at the
pass of Thermopylae.
Persian navy defeated at Salamis
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The Age of Pericles
Athens used diplomacy to form the
Delian League, a system of alliances of
140 city states.
The Age of Pericles was 461 - 429 B.C.
Democracy reached its pinnacle in
Greece. All citizens voted and
participated in government.
Expanded the Delian League at the
expense of other city-states.
431 B.C. The Peloponnesian War
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The Peloponnesian War
A rivalry between Athens and Sparta.
Both sides were eager to fight.
The Spartans attacked and placed
Athens under siege. The citizens
withdrew to the city, and a plague
broke out.
Pericles dies in the plague.
Athens surrenders to Sparta in 404
B.C. The city states of Thebes, Sparta,
and Corinth all compete for control.