Transcript Sensory lecturex

SENSORY
BY:
APRIL MARTIN, BSN, RN
OBJECTIVES
• Differentiate among the processes of reception,
perception, and reaction to sensory stimuli.
• Discuss common causes of sensory alterations.
• Discuss health problems associated with sensory deficits,
sensory deprivation, and sensory overload.
• Discuss common sensory changes that normally occur
with aging.
• Describe behaviors that indicate sensory alterations.
• List interventions for preventing sensory deprivation and
controlling sensory overload.
• Describe conditions in the health care agency or the
client’s home setting that can be adjusted to promote
meaningful sensory stimulation.
NORMAL HUMAN SENSORY
• Reception-means by which humans react to
changes in external and internal environments.
• Perception-a conscious process of selecting,
organizing, and interpreting sensory stimuli that
requires intact and functioning sense organs,
nervous pathways, and the brain
• Reaction-time during which the subject’s attention is
directed to the stimulus rather than the response
SENSORY ALTERATIONS
• Deficits-makes other senses more acute to
compensate. Defect in sensory reception and
perception.
• Deprivation-the result of inadequate quantity or
quality of simulation.
• Overload-when a person is unable to process or
manage the intensity or quantity of incoming
sensory stimuli.
FACTORS
Age/Medications
Illnesses/Lifestyle and Habits
ASSESSMENT
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Normal Pattern/Risk/Dysfunction Identification
Physical Assessment
Diagnostic Tests/Procedures
Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s)
Family Support
Alternate Ways to Communicate
APHASIA
• Expressive (Broca’s) is characterized by limited
speech that is slow and halting with great effort,
reduced grammar, and poor articulation.
• Receptive (Wernicke’s) is characterized by speech
that is well articulated and has good melody and
normal or slightly faster rate.
APHASIA CONT.
MANAGEMENT
• Acute Sensory Deprivation
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Increase interaction with staff
Use TV
Provide touch
Helps client choose menus that vary in aroma, texture, taste, colors,
temperature
• Sensory Overload
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Restrict number/length of visitation
Reduce noise and lights
Have a routine
Organize and bundle care to extend rest periods
• Sensory Deficits
• Report observations about hearing, vision, etc.
• May imply need for new glasses, medical diagnosis, or therapy
QUESTION
An expected outcome for a patient with an auditory
deficit should include:
A. Minimizing use of affected sense(s)
B. Preventing additional sensory losses
C. Promoting the patient’s acceptance of
dependency
D. Controlling the environment to reduce sensory
stimuli
QUESTION
A responsive patient has had eye surgery, and
patches have been temporarily placed on both eyes
for protection. The evening meal has arrived, and
the nurse will be assisting the patient. In this
circumstance, the nurse should
A. Feed the patient the entire meal
B. Encourage the family members to feed the
patient
C. Allow the patient to be totally independent and
feed himself
D. Orient the patient to the locations of the foods on
the plate and provide utensils
QUESTION
Following a CVA (cerebral vascular accident/stroke),
the patient is found to have receptive aphasia. The
nurse may assist this patient with communication by:
A. Obtaining a referral for a speech therapist
B. Using a system of simple gestures and repeated
behaviors
C. Providing the patient with a letter chart to use to
answer questions
D. Offering the patient a notepad and pen to write
down questions and concerns
REVIEW
• Processes of Stimuli
• Causes of sensory alterations
• Problems associated with sensory deficits,
deprivation, and overload
• Common sensory changes with aging
• Behaviors associated with sensory alterations
• Interventions for preventing sensory deprivation and
controlling sensory overload
• Ways to promote meaningful sensory stimulation
RESOURCES
• Castaldi, P. A. (2007). Basic nursing: Essentials for
practice (6th ed.). St. Louis, MI: Mosby Elsevier.
• Craven, R., Hirnle, C., & Jensen, S. (2013). Fundamentals
of nursing: Human health and function (7th ed.).
Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
• L, E. (2009, October 4). Curious about expressive
aphasia? [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://aphasiaerinl.blogspot.com/
• Pfaffmann, C. (2015, May 7). Human sensory reception.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/science/human-sensoryreception