Transcript The Different Fields of Pharmacy

Presented by the PPA Officers
 Retail/Independent
 Military
 Nuclear
 Clinical
 Hospital
 Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM)
 Doctor of Pharmacy
(Pharm.D) degree required
from an accredited
institution. In the US in
order to practice,
pharmacists must pass the
board exam, NAPLEXNorth American
Pharmacist Licensure
Examination. In addition
to the NAPLEX, each state
has its own set of licensing
and procedures for
pharmacists.
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Prepares or supervises the preparation of
liquid medicines, ointments, powders,
tablets and other medications
Checks prescriptions for correct dosage
and for drug interactions and
incompatibilities
Compounds prescribed medicines, and
packages and labels them
Stores and preserves vaccines, serums
and other drugs subject to deterioration
Dispenses medical and surgical products
as prescribed
Records prescriptions dispensed, and the
issue of poisons, narcotics and other
restricted drugs
Immunizations
Provides advice and information on the
use and effects of medications
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Sells non-prescription drugs, sick-room
supplies, toiletries, cosmetics and related
commercial products
Interpret and fill physicians’ prescriptions for
customers on a daily basis
Verify all patient information before filling
a prescription
Provide medicinal consultation to customers
upon filling a prescription and on OTC (over
the counter) medicines as required
Perform order entry of prescriptions into the
required pharmacy database
Contact physicians and benefits providers as
necessary to process a prescription
Complete third-party insurance forms and
other paperwork
Provide a professional and confidential
environment for customers on all occasions
Compound medications when necessary, if
applicable
Similar to retail pharmacy, except
for a few major things:
 Responsible for managing
building of pharmacy i.e. rent,
paying employees, following
guidelines of state
 Has the luxury of choosing own
hours
 Has ability to order and dispense
specialty medications and cater
to specific patients that retail
pharmacies cannot
 Have a great selection of medical
supplies often not found at retail
pharmacies
 More responsibility compared to
pharmacists who work for retail
pharmacies
 Many independent pharmacies
are able to compound
medications to a certain
threshold. (This excludes
oncology drugs, nuclear
medicine, certain IVs.)
 Some patients dislike the world
of retail pharmacy and choose to
go to independent pharmacies
for different reasons.
Regardless of what path a pharmacist chooses, all are trained in
compounding the majority of medications.
 Retail pharmacists are required to compound simple
medications such as certain creams or liquids that are found
within retail products and can be done within a reasonable
amount of time.
 Independent pharmacies compound the majority of medications
because they have both the time and the required special drugs
available to use. They are able to cater to specific patients who
often need drugs compounded.
 Not all independent pharmacies are specifically compounding
pharmacies, but a great majority offers these services. Many
independent pharmacies are known as compounding
pharmacies, however.
 Interesting fact: Lipitor, a
cholesterol lowering medication,
is currently the best-selling drug,
with sales in 2010 topping 5
billion! Pfizer, the drug company
that makes Lipitor, is about to
lose its patent effective November
30th.
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As an Air Force Pharmacist you'll provide part of that
care without ever having to deal with insurance red
tape or copays. You'll simply fill prescriptions, consult
with patients and doctors and help provide the best
medical care possible.
Care for active-duty members
Dispense medicine
Counsel patients,
Manage the pharmacy
Serve as a drug consultant to the medical staff
http://airforce.com/careers/detail/pharmacist/?m=2011OAHP&pl=Google&med=cpc
 Bachelor of Pharmacy or PharmD degree or be in the
process of obtaining a PharmD from an accredited
institution.
 Must have a valid U.S. license to practice pharmacy or
obtain licensure within one year of graduating.
http://airforce.com/careers/detail/pharmacist/?m=2011OAHP&pl=Google&med=cpc
 If you're pursuing a future as a pharmacist, this program
will provide you with 12 months of essential training at one
of the locations below:
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Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii
Madigan Army Medical Center in Tacoma, Washington
Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas
 To qualify, you must:
 Completed either a bachelor's or doctorate degree in
pharmacy
 Younger than 46.5 years of age
 Applicants who have earned a bachelor's degree will be
commissioned as Second Lieutenants.
 If you have a pharmacy doctorate degree, you'll be
commissioned as a Captain.
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/archive/index.php/t-400621.html
 For Active-Duty Officers and provides up to $111,000
for repayment of educational loans for Pharmacists.
Payment is made in increments of $27,998 (less tax)
annually for each year of your Active-Duty
commitment.
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/archive/index.php/t-400621.html
 Become a pharmacy Officer in the Medical Service
Corps and you can receive a $30,000 bonus just for
signing up.
 Qualifications:
 Become and remain licensed or registered with a current
license to practice as a pharmacist in U.S., District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico or a U.S. territory within one year
of entry into Active Duty.
 Bonus is paid for a four-year contract only and is paid
in a lump sum at your first duty station.
http://forums.studentdoctor.net/archive/index.php/t-400621.html
Nuclear pharmacy is a specialty area of pharmacy
practice dedicated to the compounding and
dispensing of radioactive materials for use in nuclear
medicine procedures. A specialty area of pharmacy
practice is one that requires a concentration of
knowledge in a once specific area.
Radiopharmacology:
Imaging: Cardiology, Brain imaging, Skeletal
imaging, etc.
 How to go about getting the training you need to become a
nuclear pharmacist? You need about 200 hours of didactic
training, and 500 hours of hands-on experience to practice
under a pharmacy's RAM license...and there are a few ways
to go about doing this to become an “ANP” authorized
nuclear pharmacist. 1) Attend a pharmacy school that has a
nuclear program, which you’ll complete while working on
your PharmD (i.e. Universities of Arkansas, Oklahoma,
New Mexico, Purdue, Tennessee). Option 2) Once you’ve
already obtained your PharmD, privately pay for training
(i.e. through NEO). Option 3) Do a nuclear specialized
residency (i.e. SUNY or Walter Reed) or Option 4) and this
is probably what most people do...get hired by a nuclear
pharmacy company; they will pay you pharmacist salary
while you do your training, and provide the training as well.
 Unlike retail and hospital settings
 There are little interaction with customers because
many work in highly regulated environments
 Average salary is $112,844.
 Does not have to deal with insurance
 Does not have to deal with angry customers
 Very specialized field demands respect
 Mobile
 Direct patient care
 Routinely provide medication
therapy evaluations &
recommendations to patients
and other health care
professionals
 Require residency
 Can specialize in pediatrics,
oncology, geriatric, pediatric,
psychiatric pharmacy
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Prescribing drugs & plan drug therapy programs
Administering drugs
Documenting professional services
Reviewing drug use
Communication
Counseling
Consulting
Preventing Medication Errors
 Evaluating new medications to recommend those that are safest and
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most effective for individual patients
Advising physicians and other health care personnel about medication
selection and administration;
Counseling patients and parents directly to help them use their
medication wisely;
Monitoring every stage of medication therapy to improve all aspects of
effectiveness;
Providing crucial quality checks to detect and prevent harmful drug
interactions or reactions and potential mistakes;
Working under sterile conditions to combine injectible medications
with fluids to create compounds that patients receive intravenously;
Supervising the dispensing and distribution of medication; and
Obtaining and maintaining supplies of medications that meet quality
standards for purity and effectiveness and managing the proper storage
of these products to ensure freshness and potency.
 Oncology- The study and treatment of tumors.
 Oncology pharmacy specialists recommend, design,
implement, monitor and modify pharmacotherapeutic
plans to optimize outcomes in patients with malignant
diseases.
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Develops and maintains a clinical practice with a patient care service,
cooperating with medical and nursing personnel. Provides optimal selection
of pharmacologic agents, and design of a regimen to maximize therapeutics
benefit and minimize toxicity. Provides daily follow-up on the clinical effects
of the regimen with adjustments as necessary to achieved desired outcomes.
On a daily basis, attends rounds in the inpatient and/or clinic areas with
direct patient care contact for visual assessment of physical and
psychological signs of drug-related effects.
Provides drug and clinical information to other healthcare professionals in
response to specific questions relating to new evolving issues related to the
care of patients with cancer. Provides professional education regarding new
drugs, biologics, or technologies for specialized drug delivery. Provides a
significant level of education to professionals, trainees, and patients.
Responsible for monitoring and assessing performance of the learner and
providing feedback using appropriate learning objectives that are aligned
with the desired learning outcomes.
Performs pharmacokinetics dosing and monitoring for all patients on drugs
where therapeutics levels are reported.
 A hospital pharmacist is a type of clinical pharmacist
(focuses specifically on the patient and proper
medication and treatment)
 The hospital pharmacist is part of a hospital team,
providing, preparing, and dispensing medicine
normally to patients who are or have been treated in
the hospital.
 Inpatient – provides medication and injectables for
patients staying in the hospital mainly by
communicating with doctors and nurses because
patients do not physically bring prescriptions to the
pharmacy
 Outpatient – similar to retail pharmacy but in a
hospital setting where the patient can bring in their
prescription
 http://pharmacy-schools.us/articles/types-ofpharmacists/
 Instruct medical staff on selection and effects of drugs
 Monitor patients’ drug regimens
 Evaluate drug use patterns
 Common to specialize in specific aspects of drug
therapy, such as psychiatrics, radiopharmaceuticals, or
oncology.
 May advance to supervisor or administrator
 Annual mean wage in 2010
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around $108,000
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/
oes291051.htm
25th to 75th percentile $93,000 $118,000
About 22% out of 269,000 total
pharmacists
Median starting salary around
$82,000
Around $50/hour for PRN
pharmacist
(PBM)
 What is PBM?
 PBM is a third party that deals in between health
provider and pharmacy and sometimes patients.
 Jobs includes:
 Collecting funds from health sponsor
 Answering questions of pharmacists, doctors
and plan participants.
 Negotiating with drug company.
 Major profit source for PBM companies
 For the recipient:
 Three month supply for the patient
 Saving money for the patient
 Can only take so called “maintenance” prescriptions
 Three major companies:
 Medco, Caremark, Express scripts
 Currently processing 75% prescriptions in the country,
will continue to grow in 2012.
 More flexible to deal with drug company
 Average salary:
$ 83,000 in Dallas area