Transcript Ch. 5 Sec. 5 - J Go World History

Ch. 5 Sec. 5
The Expansion of Greece
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The Persian Wars
Lasted from
500B.C. to
479B.C.
Athens decided
to help the
Greeks in Asia
Minor rebel
against the
Persians
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 The
Persian ruler, Darius,
crushed the Greeks w/
ease, but also wanted to
punish Athens for
helping
 490B.C. Persians invaded
Greece & outnumbered
the Greeks
 The Greeks still defeated
the Persians at the Battle
of Marathon
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 480B.C.
Darius’s
son, Xerxes, led the
Persians against the
Greeks again
 At the Battle of
Thermopylae the
Persians had to go
through a narrow
mountain pass
 They fought to the
last soldier, but the
Persians won
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 It
was here that 300
Spartans held their
ground for 3 days
despite being
outnumbered
 The Persians then
went on to Athens,
but Themistocles,
Athen’s leader,
emptied the city &
the city was
destroyed
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 Themistocles
tricked
Xerxes into the narrow
straits of Salamis
 The Persian navy was
larger than the Greek
fleet, but the Greek
ships were more
maneuverable &
defeated the Persians
 479B.C. the Spartans &
Athenians defeated the
Persians at Platea &
ended the Persian Wars
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Results
Asia Minor was free from Persian
rule
The Athenians rebuilt their city &
entered a period of great
cultural achievement
The threat of the Persians was
still there, so Athens set up the
Delian League, which was an
alliance of city-states(140) w/
Athens as the leader
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The Age of Pericles
Pericles
was
the leader
of Athens
from
461B.C. to
429B.C.
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Athens
reached its peak of
power & wealth
This time period is called the
Age of Pericles
Democracy reached its height;
all male citizens except lower
class could hold public office;
officholders were paid a salary &
were chosen by lot so no one
had an advantage
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 Pericles
extended
the Athenian empire
by establishing
colonies in rebellious
areas
 The Athenian navy
kept the Persians
out of the Aegean
Sea
 The Athenians
system of weights &
measures became
standard throughout
the empire
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 Members
of the Delian
League reaped the
benefits, but lost their
independence—Athens
made all the decisions
for the league
 Pericles moved the
league’s treasury to
Athens & used it for the
good of Athens
 Plus, he forced other
city-states to join the
league
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The Peloponnesian War
The
war began in 431 B.C.
Sparta had the stronger
army & they advanced first
The Athenians stayed inside
the city’s walls, but a plague
broke out killing many
including Pericles
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The
war went on for 27 yrs.
Sparta received help from
Persia to cut off food supply
to Athens; they did & Athens
surrendered in 404 B.C.
After the war, Sparta &
Thebes tried to control
Greece, but they failed as
well
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