Transcript Unit 2: Ancient Empires

Unit 2: Ancient Empires
By Alban Hoxhaj
Democracy
• Democracy- term originating in ancient
Greece to designate a government
where the people share in directing the
activities of the state, as d istinct from
governments controlled by a single
class, select group, or autocrat.
• Democracy first started in the Greek citystates. It fully began in Athens.
• A democracy like the one in Ancient Greece
was only possible in a small state.
Golden Age of Greece
• The golden age in Greece began with a great
win over Persia in the Persian War which took
place from 546-479 BC.
• This era stopped when the the
Peloponnesian War took place from 431- 404
BC.
• The Greeks realized that they had to become
on country instead of separate city-states.
• The golden age in Greece made education
very important. They also had sports, and
music.
Mathematical advances
12 Tables
• The 12 tables was a ancient foundation
of the Roman Law.
• The law of the 12 tables formed the
constitution of the Roman law
TABLE 1
• If someone is called to go to court, he has to
go. If he doesn’t go, a witness should be
called. Only then should he be captured.
• If he shirks or flees, he should be captured. If
illness or old age is an impediment, let him be
given a carriage. If he doesn't want it, it
should not be covered.
• When parties have made an agreement,
announce it. If they don't agree, they shall
state their case in the forum before noon.
They shall plead together in person. After
noon, let the judge pronounce. If both are
present, the case shall end at sunset.
LEG of Roman Empire
Development of romance
Languages
• The major romance languages are
Spanish, Portuguese, French, and
Italian.
• The languages first appeared in texts in
the 9 th century.
Persian War
• The Persian War bean becausethere
was to many people living in the Greek
city-states and because this a lot of
people were out of work. So the Greeks
traveled along the Mediterranean Sea to
the East and West but the land was the
Persians.
Persian War
• The second invasion between the Greeks
and Persians happened in the year 480
BC. The king of Persia Xerxes gathered a
huge army. The Persian army attacked
the Greeks at Thermopylae. Three
hundred Spartan soldiers fought the huge
army of Persia until the last Spartan fell.
When all the soldiers died the Persians
moved toward Athens. When Athens
heard that that the Persians were coming
they left and The persians burned down
the Athens.
Persian War
• The Greeks finally defeated the
Persians in a bloody Sea battle. The
Spartans and the Athenians joined
forces and defeated the Persians.
Peloponnesian War
• There were so many series of incidents
that the war broke out in 431 between
the Spartans and their allies and the
Athenians and their allies.
Edict of Milan
•
The Edict of Milan was issued in AD 313, in the names of the Emperor Constantine, who ruled the
western parts of the empire, and Licinius, who ruled the East.
Fall of Western roman Empire
• After the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire started to decline. The
reasons were political and economic, and they had problems with
foreigners. After the guard killed Commudus, they sold power to the
highest bidder. This led to chaos every time a leader died. All leaders
became dictators, and almost all were killed by their guards. The
Roman Empire had 26 leaders in the next 50 years.
• A leader had to pay his army well to keep them happy so that they
would fend off invasions. This led to high taxes and inflation. Borders
were left open as Romans fought among themselves. Germanic tribes
invaded, Persians took Roman lands, and Gaul tried to become
independent
• Vandals, a really barbaric German tribe, took Rome (came from the
south). fight for Rome. These soldiers eventually overthrew the
Western Roman leader Romulus The Romans had hired Germanic
soldiers to Augustulus, and made the German Odoacer ruler in 476
AD. This was the end of the Roman empire in the West. The Eastern
part of the empire would keep going for another 1000 years.
Development of Christianity
Pericles
 Pericles was an Athenianstatesman and
general. A champion of Athenian democracy, he
pursued an imperialist policy and
masterminded Athenian strategy in the
Peloponnesian War.
 He commissioned the building of the Parthenon
in 447 and presided over the golden age of
Athens
Julius Caesar
• 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) w
• as the first ruler of the Roman Empire,
• which he ruled alone from January 27 BC until his
death in AD 14
Socrates
• Ancient Athenian philosopher.
• As represented in the writings of his disciple Plato,
he engaged in dialogue with others in an attempt to
reach understanding and ethical concepts by
exposing and dispelling error (The Socratic
Method).
• Charged with introducing strange gods and
corrupting the young, he committed suicide as
required.
Plato
• Greek philosopher.
• A disciple of Socrates and the teacher of
Aristotle, he founded the Academy in
Athens. His theory of “ideas” or “forms”
contrasts abstract entities or universals
with their objects or particulars in the
material world.
• His philosophical writings are presented
in the form of dialogues, and his political
theories appear in the Republic.
Aristotle
• Greek philosopher and scientist.
• A student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the
Great, he founded a school (the Lyceum) outside
Athens.
• He is one of the most influential thinkers in the
history of Western thought.
• His surviving works cover a vast range of
subjects, including logic, ethics, metaphysics,
politics, natural science, and physics.
Alexander the Great
Jesus
• The central figure of the Christian
religion.
• Jesus conducted a mission of preaching
and healing (with reported miracles) in
Palestine in about ad 28-30, which is
described in the Gospels.
• His followers considered him to be the
Christ or Messiah and the Son of God, and
belief in his resurrection from the dead is
the central tenet of Christianity.