Transcript anaphylactic shock - Al

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
What is it?
•Serious life threatening allergic reaction
that is rapid in action and may cause
death.
Causes:
•Common causes include insects
bite/stings, foods and medication
Symptoms
Skin
•Itchiness rather burning sensation of skin
•Generalized hives
•Flushing &swelling of lips
•Swelling of tongue or throat in about 20%
swelling of face
•Running nose &redness of conjunctiva
•Skin may also go blue due to lack of oxygen
Symptoms
Respiratory:
•Shortness of breath
•wheezes caused by spasm of bronchial muscles
and stridor is due to upper airways obstruction
•Hoarsness &pain with swallowing or cough
Cardiac:
•Coronary artery spasm which may lead to
myocardial infarction ,dysrrythmias &cardiac arrest
caused by histamine release
•Low blood pressure and fast or low heart rate
•Rapid pulse
Symptoms
Others:
•Abdominal pain ,diarrhea ,vomiting dizziness ,chest
discomfort, slurred speech
•Confusion ,headache ,anxiety
•Urine incontinence ,pelvic pain
Risk factors:
People with ASTHMA ,ECZMA ,or ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Sensitivity tests on blood
Patch test
Challenge test
Elimination test
Differetial diagnosis
•Asthma :no rash or itching
•Syncopy: No rash but pallor more marked
•Panic attack : No rash but flushing more marked than
hives
Prevention
• Avoidance of triggers such as specific foods ,
environment, medications
• Desensitization to venoms e.g bee ,snake wasp,
ants etc
• Oral immunotherapy mainly in food allergy e.g
milk ,egg, nuts ,peanuts
• Preparedness: People prone to reaction are
advised to wear a medical alert bracelet with all
information or having a card
• Parents are advised to inform schools of their
child’s Allergy
Treament
•Anaphylaxis is an emergency condition that needs professional
medical attention right away. Call 1122
•Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABC's
of Basic Life Support). A warning sign of dangerous throat swelling
is a very hoarse or whispered voice, or coarse sounds when the
person is breathing in air. If necessary, begin rescue breathing
and CPR.
•Calm and reassure the person.
•If the allergic reaction is from a bee sting, scrape the stinger off
the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail or plastic credit
card). Do not use tweezers -- squeezing the stinger will release
more venom.
Treatment
• If the person has emergency allergy medicine on hand,
help the person take or inject the medication. Avoid oral
medication if the person is having difficulty breathing.
• Take steps to prevent shock. Have the person lie flat,
raise the person's feet about 12 inches, and cover him or
her with a coat or blanket. Do NOT place the person in
this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is
suspected, or if it causes discomfort.
• Do NOT place a pillow under the person's head if he or
she is having trouble breathing. This can block the
airways.
• Do NOT give the person anything by mouth if the person
is having trouble breathing.
Prognosis
•Good when allergen is known and medical care
available
•If Allergen is not known but preventive care is available
and good then prognosis is good
•Death occurs usually in respiratory asphixia or cardiac
symptoms
•Poor prognosis in old age
•Patient recovers in most cases if timely given care