Transcript Health Careers - North Buncombe High

Health Careers
Health Team Relations
HT05.01
• Investigate the educational requirements
and levels of training.
WARM UP
• Write a paragraph about a health care career that interests
you and why. Share with class.
Types of Education:
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1. Secondary: High school courses
2. Health Occupations Education (HOE):
Courses offered in high school. It prepares one
for immediate employment in many HC or for
additional education after graduation.
3. Post-secondary education: Courses taken
after high school (career-technical school,
community college, or university)
Types of Education cont:
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4. Associate’s degree: Degree awarded by
technical school or community college after 2
years of study.
5. Bachelor’s degree: Degree awarded by
college/university after 4 or more years of study
6. Master’s degree: Degree awarded by
college/university after 1 or more years of study
beyond a bachelor’s degree.
7. Doctorate degree: Degree awarded by
college/university after 2 or more years of study
beyond a bachelor’s/master’s degree.
Certification, Registration, & Licensure:
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These methods ensure the skill and competency
of HC personnel and to protect the consumer
(patient).
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1. Certification: Person has fulfilled requirements of
education and performance and meets the standards
and qualifications est. by the professional association
or gov’t agency that regulates a particular career.
Examples: Dental assistant, certified lab tech,
certified medical assistant.
Certification, Registration, & Licensure
cont:
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2. Registration: Granted by regulatory
body ( association or state board) that
administers exams and maintains a
current list of qualified personnel.
Examples: Registered dietician,
Registered respiratory therapist, &
registered radiologic technologist
Certification, Registration, & Licensure
cont:
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3. Licensure: Gov’t agency authorizes
someone to work in a given occupation.
Usually this person has completed their
studies, passed state board test, and
maintains certain standards. Examples:
Registered nurse, Physician, Dentist, LPN,
Physical Therapist.
Accreditation:
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One must graduate from an
accredited program before they can
get their certification, registration, or
licensure
This ensures that the program
meets established standards
Make sure that the school you want
to attend is accredited before you
enroll
Continuing Education Units (CEU’s):
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Required to renew licenses or
maintain certification or
registration in many states**
A person must obtain additional hours
of education in specific HC career
during a specific time period
Ex. RN’s must obtain 15 to 30 CEU’s
every one to two years to renew their
licenses
Training:
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1. Professional: Usually requires 4 or
more years of college and an advanced
degree (ex. Medical doctor, dentist)
2. Technologist or therapist: Requires 3-4
years of college plus work experience,
usually a bachelor’s degree (ex. Physical
therapist, speech therapist, medical lab
technologist
Training:
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3. Technician: Usually requires 2 year
associate degree, special HOE, or 3-4
years OJT (ex. Dental lab tech, medical
lab tech, surgical tech)
4. Assistant or aide: Usually requires up
to one or more years of training that
combines classroom and/or OJT
experience (ex. Dental, medical, or nurse
assistants
Multi-competent/Multi-skilled
Worker:
New trend in HC
■ Workers perform in a variety of
occupations
■ Ex. Hiring an EKG tech that
could also perform EEG’s,
Certified Medical Assistant (CMA)
■ This is cost-efficient
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Entrepreneur:
Individual who owns their own
business
■ Examples in the HC field would
be Physician, Nurse practitioner,
Chiropractor, Dentist,
Optometrist, Staffing Agency
etc.
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PROCESSING
• http://www.yourfreecareertest.com/
• Processing Questions I
• Begin Career Project Research
Health Care Careers
5.02 ANALYZE CAREERS INCLUDED IN
DENTAL, DIAGNOSTIC, EMERGENCY AND
HEALTH INFORMATION SERVICES
WARM UP DAY 3
• Review Processing Questions I
Dental Careers:
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Dentists:
They are doctors
They examine teeth and mouth tissues
Diagnose & treat disease
Perform surgeries on teeth, gums, & tissues
Work to prevent disease
Supervise work of other dental workers
Most are entrepreneurs
Dental Careers:
■ 2. Dental Hygienists:
Work under the supervision of a
dentist
■ Perform preliminary exams of teeth
& mouth
■ **Remove deposits & stains from
teeth**
■ Take x-rays
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Dental Careers:
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3. Dental laboratory technician
(DLT’s)
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Make & repair dental prostheses
(artificial devices) such as dentures,
crowns, bridges, & orthodontic devices
Work under dentist
Some are entrepreneurs
Dental Careers:
■ 4. Dental assistants (DA’s):
■ Work
under dentist
■ Prepare patients for
examination
■ Pass instruments
■ Sterilize instruments
Diagnostic Services:
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Basic job duties:
Perform tests or evaluations
■ They find out what the problem is
■ Diagnose the problem
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Electrocardiograph technician (EKG
tech):
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Operate EKG machine which records
the electrical activity of the heart
Perform stress tests
Apply Holter Monitors (EKG’s that last
for 24-48 hours)
Assist with thalium scans
Cardiovascular Technologists:
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Assist with cardiac catheterizations &
angioplasty
Monitor patients during heart surgery
Perform tests to check circulation in blood
vessels
Echocardiographers use ultrasound to
diagnose heart conditions
Electroencephalographic Technologists
(EEG’s):
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Operate the EEG machine which
records the electrical activity in the
brain
EEG’s diagnose brain tumors,
strokes, epilepsy (seizures), sleep
disorders
Medical/clinical Laboratory
Technologist:
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Work under a pathologist (doctor)
Determine presence or cause of disease
by studying tissues, fluids, & cells of
human body****
Perform tests
Specialties include: biochemist,
hematologist, histology, microbiology
Medical/Clinical Laboratory
Technician:
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Work under pathologist or
medical/clinical lab technologist
Perform routine tests on tissues,
fluids, & cells
Medical/clinical Laboratory
Assistants:
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Work under medical technologist,
technician, or pathologist
Perform basic lab tests
Prepare specimens for testing
Clean & maintain equipment
Phlebotomist:
■ **Draw
blood**
■ Collect blood and prepare it
for testing
PROCESSING DAY 3
• Processing Questions• Family Tree Essay
WARM UP DAY 4
• Review Processing Questions II
Radiologic Technologists (RT’s):
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https://www.virtualjobshadow.com/CareerProfile/
?cguid={FF65877D-2E84-49C4-8CA54A70633A19DC}&section=cluster&id=38
Radiologic Technologists (RT’s):
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Work under radiologist (doctor)
Work with x-rays, radiation, nuclear
medicine, ultrasound, MRI’s
1. Radiographers: take x-rays
2. Radiation therapists: administer radiation for
cancer
3. Nuclear medicine technologists: Prepare
radioactive substances to administer to patients
(ex. Bone scans, thyroid scans, thalium scans)
Radiologic Technologists (RT’s) cont:
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4. Ultrasound technologists or
sonographer: Use equipment to send
sound waves into body to record images
(ex. Fetal u/s)
5. Computer tomography technologists:
Use CT or CAT scanner to obtain crosssectional images of body tissues, bones,
and organs to help locate tumors
Radiologic Technologists (RT’s) cont:
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6. Magnetic resonance (MRI) technologists:
use magnets & radio waves to reveal info on
organs inside body (used to identify MS &
strokes)
7. Positron emission tomography (PET)
technologist: They inject radioactive substances
into patient and operate the PET scanner (it
uses electrons to create 3-dimensional image of
body parts)
Epidemiologists:
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Identify and track diseases as they
occur in populations*** Works at the
CDC
Determine risk factors that make a
disease more likely to occur
Develop methods to prevent or control
spread of new diseases
Evaluate statistics related to diseases
Biomedical Engineers:
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Work with different machines used to
diagnose, treat, and monitor patients
Develop artificial organs, heart valves, hip
replacements
Design computer systems
Design and produce monitors,
machines, instruments, lasers, medical
equipment
Biological/Medical Scientists:
Study living organisms such
viruses, bacteria, etc
■ Assist in the development of
vaccines, medicines, treatments
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Emergency Medical Services:
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1. Basic job duties:
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Provide emergency, pre-hospital care
Provide care to victims of accidents,
injuries, and sudden illnesses
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Places of employment: fire/police
departments, rescue squads, ambulance
services, etc.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
• https://www.virtualjobshadow.com/CareerProfile/?cguid={9AF
E903A-8280-48C9-AF1D8B888B539D95}&section=cluster&id=38
First Responder:
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First person to arrive at the scene of injury or
illness
Interview and examine the victim
Calls for emergency medical assistance prn (as
needed)
Maintains safety & infection control at scene
Provides basic emergency medical care (ex.
Airway management, bleeding control, CPR)
Emergency Medical Technicians
(EMT):
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Level one - EMT basic
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EMT defibrillator
Level two - EMT intermediate
■ Level three – EMT paramedic
(most advanced)
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EMT Basic:
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Provide basic care
Keep scene safe & practice infection control
Administer initial treatment for medical
emergencies (shock, burns, wounds, bleeding,
etc)
Clear airway obstructions & administer oxygen
Provide basic life support
Assist with emergency births
Rescue trapped people
Transport victims to medical facilities
EMT-Intermediate:
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They can do everything an EMT-B can do
Assess patients
Interpret EKG’s
Administer defibrillation prn
Manage shock
Use IV equipment
Administer certain medications
Insert esophageal airways
EMT-Paramedics:
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Can perform all duties of EMT-B and EMTI
Conduct in-depth patient assessment
Provide advanced cardiac life support
Perform advanced airway management
(endotrachial intubation)
Administer more advanced medications
Operate more complex equipment
Skill: Bleeding
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Practice standard precautions (wear gloves)
Apply direct pressure to wound with thick
dressing or sterile gauze
Elevate wound above level of heart
Apply extra dressings over initial gauze
Use roller bandage to hold in place
Tie off ends of bandage by placing ties directly
over dressings
Make sure dressing not too tight by checking
distal pulse or capillary refill
Skill: Height and Weight
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Greet and identify the patient
State your name and title
Explain procedure
Wash hands
Always Balance scale first ***
Raise height bar
Patient to remove shoes and extra clothing
Skill: Height and Weight
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Move weights until scale is balanced
Record weight in pounds
Lower height bar until rests on patients head
Record height in inches
Help patient down from scale
Return weights on scale to zero (left side)
Wash hands
Record in chart/growth chart
Skill: Measuring & Recording
Apical Pulse
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Wash hands
Clean earpieces on stethoscope with
alcohol swabs
Put earpieces in ears
Warm diaphragm with hands
Locate apex of heart (under left breast and
over light clothing
Listen for heart sounds
Skill: Measuring & Recording
Apical Pulse
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Count heart beats for one full minute.
Note any abnormal sounds, rate, or
rhythm
Record number of beats on notepad
Wash hands
PROCESSING DAY 4
• Review Skills
• Processing Questions III
Health Information &
Communication Services:
WARM UP DAY 5
• Review Processing Questions III
Health Information (medical records)
Administrators:
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Operate & use variety of computer
programs
Ensure confidentiality of patient records
Manage medical records department
Compile statistics
Plan systems for storing & obtaining
information from records
Medical Transcriptionist:
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Use a computer to enter data dictated on
an audiotape recorder by physicians or
other HC personnel
Unit Secretary:
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Record information on patient charts
Schedule procedures
Order supplies
Answer telephones
***Operates computers**
Medical Illustrator:
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Use artistic and creative talents to produce
illustrations, charts, graphs, & diagrams
for health textbooks, journals, magazines,
etc.
Related field - Medical photographer:
Takes photos or videos procedures,
conditions, accidents, etc.
Medical Librarian:
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Organize books, journals, to provide
health information to other HC
providers
5.03 ANALYZE CAREERS INCLUDED
IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES,
MEDICAL SERVICES AND MENTAL
AND SOCIAL SERVICES
HC Administrators:
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Plan, direct, coordinate & supervise the
delivery of HC
Hire personnel
Supervise department heads
Determine budget & finance
Perform PR duties
Manage operation of the facility
You would work in an office**
Central/Sterile Supply Workers:
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Order, maintain, and supply all the
equipment and supplies
Sterilize instruments and/or equipment
Inventory materials
Maintain equipment
Fill requisitions from other departments
Housekeeping/Environmental Service
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Maintain cleanliness of HC facility
Provide pleasant, clean environment
Observe principles of infection control
to prevent the spread of disease in
the HC facility
PROCESSING DAY 5
• Processing Questions IV
WARM UP DAY 6
• Review Processing Questions IV
Medical Careers:
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These workers diagnose, treat, and
prevent diseases and disorders of the
human body
Includes physicians (doctors) and those
who work under the supervision of
physicians
Physician:
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Examine patients
Obtain medical histories
Order tests and prescribe medications
Make diagnoses (what is wrong?)
Perform surgery
Treat diseases/disorders
Teach preventative HC
Classifications of Physicians:
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MD - Doctor of Medicine: Diagnose, treat, and
prevent disease**
DO – Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine: Place
emphasis on nervous, muscular, & skeletal
systems
DPM – Doctor of Podiatric Medicine:
Examines, diagnoses, & treats diseases of
feet/legs below the knee
DC – Doctor of Chiropractic: Concentrates
on structure of spine and nervous system
Physician Specialties:
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Anesthesiologist
Cardiologist
Dermatologist
Gastroenterologist
Gerontologist
Gynecologist
Neurologist
Radiologist
Urologist
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Obstetrician
Oncologist
Ophthalmologist
Orthopedist
Otolaryngologist
Pathologist
Pediatrician
Psychiatrist
Thoracic surgeon
ANESTHESIOLOGIST
• This doctor helps keep you
comfortable and maybe even take a
nap during surgery! ****
• They also make the most money in the
health profession
CARDIOLOGIST
This doctor works with diseases of the
heart and blood vessels. Who they
would call if you had chest pain***
DERMATOLOGIST
This doctor works with diseases of the
skin.
GASTROENTEROLOGIST
This doctor deals with disease of the
stomach and intestine.
GERONTOLOGIST
This doctor works with the elderly or
geriatric population.
GYNECOLOGIST
This doctor takes care of women and
their reproductive organs.
NEUROLOGIST
This doctor takes care of the nerves
and brain.
OBSTETRICIAN
This doctor takes care of pregnant
women and delivers babies.
ONCOLOGIST
This doctor takes care of patients
who have cancer. ***
OPHTHALMOLOGIST
This type of doctor takes care of your eyes.
Can work in office or vision center.***
ORTHOPEDIST
This type of doctor deals with your bones.
OTOLARYNGOLOGIST
This type of doctor takes care of your ears,
nose and throat
PATHOLOGIST
This type of doctor examines tissue samples
and dead bodies too!
PEDIATRICIAN
This type of doctor takes care of children
newborn to age 18.
PSYCHIATRIST
This type of doctor takes care of your
mental health.
RADIOLOGIST
This doctor uses x-ray to study the inside of
your body.
THORACIC SURGEON
This doctor performs open heart surgery and
any surgery in the chest.
UROLOGIST
This doctor treats diseases of the kidney,
bladder, or urinary system.
Physician Assistants (PA):
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Work under the supervision of the
physician**
Take medical histories
Perform routine physical exams
Order basic tests
Make preliminary diagnoses
Treat minor injuries
Prescribe and administer treatments &
medications
Medical Assistants (MA) or Certified
Medical Assistants (CMA):
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Work under physicians
Prepare patients for exams
Take vital signs
Record medical histories
Assist with treatments/procedures
Prepare & maintain equipment
Perform secretarial duties
PROCESSING DAY 6
• Processing Questions V
WARM UP DAY 8
• Review Processing Questions V
Mental & Social Services:
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Mental services deal with
mental/emotional disorders or mental
retardation
Social workers help people will illness,
employment, or community problems
Both of these workers try to help
individuals function to their maximum
capacity
Psychiatrists:
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Physicians who specialize in
diagnosing and treating mental illness
Psychologists:
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Study human behavior
Use knowledge to help individuals deal
with problems of everyday living
Counsel individuals and families
Social Workers:
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Aid people who have difficulty coping with
various problems- Ex. House fires
Help individuals make adjustments to changes
in their lives
Refer individuals to community resources for
assistance
Provide emotional support for
individuals/families
Evaluate charges of abuse
Mortuary Careers:
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Job duties include: Performing
ceremonies that honor the deceased and
meets the spiritual needs of the living
Cremation or burial of remains
Funeral Directors or Morticians:
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Provide support to survivors
Make funeral arrangements
Prepare the body for burial
File death certificates
Embalmers:
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Prepare the body
Wash the body
Replace the blood with embalming fluid
Reshape disfigured bodies
Apply cosmetics
Position body in casket
Most funeral directors/morticians are licensed
embalmers
Would take classes in forensic science.
Skill: Writing an Obituary
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Includes:
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Full legal name
Date of birth, date of death, & age at death
City/town of residence
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Do not include exact address
Relative listing
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Survived by spouse, parents, sons, daughters,
grandchildren, great grandchildren, sisters,
brothers
Skill: Writing an Obituary
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Work history
Place and time of funeral
Place of burial
How to make memorial contributions
A recent photograph
Optional info: special interests,
associations, military service, special
achievements, special pets
Never put the home address of the
deceased!
Nursing Careers:
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Go to Nursing PPT
***Job duties include: Provide total
care for patients under the direction of
a physician*** in the hospital setting.
Direct care at mental, emotional, and
physical needs of a patient
Nursing Careers cont:
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1. Registered Nurse (RN)
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Master’s or Doctorate degree
Bachelor’s degree
Diploma program
Associate’s degree
2. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)works under the direction of an RN and
gives medications
3. Nurse assistant (CNA)
Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
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Work under Registered Nurse
Take vital signs
Give baths
Make beds
Skill: Hand washing
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Wash hands with warm water
Keep fingertips pointing down
Wash hands for a minimum of 15
seconds
Turn off faucet with dry paper towel
Do not touch the sink or cabinet while
washing
Use friction while washing hands
Hand washing is the #1 thing that you can
do to prevent the spread of infection
Skill: Hand washing cont…
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Push sleeves up and wash 4-5 inches up
arm
No splashing
Rub hands in a circular motion
Make sure to wash between fingers and
under nails
Surgical Technician
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Associates Degree- 2 years.
Work in the operating room passing
instruments to the surgeon
Must maintain a sterile environment
Must know all of the names of the
instruments and how they look
Minimal schooling
Good stepping stone for other careers
Nutrition/Dietary Services
Promote wellness and optimum health by providing
menus and meals following dietary guidelines.
Understands how specific nutrients are used to treat
various diseases. Teach proper nutrition. Plan,
prepare and/or deliver food for patients in health
care facilities.
Dietician
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Bachelor’s degree*** 4 years
Manage food service departments
Assess patient’s nutritional needs
Make recommendations
Dietetic Assistant
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Work under dieticians
Assist with food preparation
Help patients select menus items
Delivers the meal trays to the patients
in the hospital.
Skill: Feeding a Patient
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Allow hot foods to cool
Use straw for liquids
Use tip of half-filled spoon
Tell patient what they are eating
Provide time to chew
Alternate solids and liquids
Wipe mouth prn
Encourage patient to eat as much as possible
Remove gloves and wash hands
Skill: Feeding a Patient
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Wash hands
Apply standard precautions
Position towel/napkin/bib under chin
Prepare food by opening cartons,
removing covers, cutting meat, buttering
bread
***Assist if needed, while encouraging
patient to do as much as possible***
PROCESSING DAY 8
• Processing Questions VI
• Write an Obituary
• Review Skills
WARM UP DAY 10
• Review Processing Questions VI
Therapeutic Services
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Art Therapist- Can work with special
needs children as well as adults***
Occupational therapist
(Bachelors/Masters)
■ Help people deal with physical,
developmental, mental, or emotional
disabilities- Veterans with prosthetic
legs***
Occupational assistant (1-2 years)
Music Therapist- Works with cancer
patients***
Therapeutic Services
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Pharmacist (Masters 5-6 years)***
Pharmacy Technician (6 weeks and
exam)- Needs excellent math skills
Physical therapist (Bachelors/Masters)
■ Provide treatment to improve movement
Physical therapy assistant (2 years)Can do therapeutic massage***
Therapeutic Services cont…
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Massage therapist (3m-1yr)
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Recreational therapist (Bachelors)
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Treat patients with speech disorders
Athletic trainer (Bachelors/Masters)
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Treat patients with heart and lung diseases***
Speech-language therapist/pathologist (Masters)
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Plan leisure activities to minimize symptoms and increase
general well-being. Ex.- Padded obstacle course for
handicapped students.***
Respiratory therapist (Associates/Bachelors)
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Use massage to relieve pain
Prevent and treat athletic injuries
Perfusionist***(Bachelors)
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Run the heart-lung machine in the operating room
Skill: Body Mechanics
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HC professionals needs to use correct body
mechanics to prevent injury to themselves
(ex. back strains)***
Maintain broad base of support
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Feet 6-8 inches apart
One foot slightly forward
Points toes in direction of movement
Wear a belt if you have a history of back problems
when lifting something heavy.**
Skill: Body Mechanics
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Pick up heavy object
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Keep object close to body
Bends from hips and knees
Carries object close to body
Changes direction
Places heavy object
Pushes heavy object with weight of body
Always keep back straight
Veterinary Careers
Focus on providing care for all types of
animals
Veterinarian (DVM)
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Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Works to prevent, diagnose, and treat
diseases and injuries to animals
Perform surgeries on animals
Spays and Neuters dogs and cats to
prevent them from having babies.
Veterinarian Technician
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Work under veterinarian
Assist with handling animals
Collect specimens
Take x-rays
Perform lab tests
Assist with surgery
2 year program at community colleges
Veterinarian Assistant
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Feed, bathe, and groom animals
Exercise animals
Clean cages
Vision Services
Provide care to prevent and treat vision
disorders
Ophthalmologist (MD)
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Medical doctors
Specialize in diseases of eye
Diagnose and treat disease
Perform surgery
Can work in own office or at a vision
center
Optometrist
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Examine eyes for vision problems
Prescribe corrective lenses
Ophthalmic Technician
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Work under ophthalmologist
Prepare patient for examination
Take medical histories
Optician
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Make and fit eyeglasses or lenses
prescribed by ophthalmologists and
optometrists. Also repairs eyeglasses***
SKILL: VISION SCREENING
• Assured that chart is at patient's eye level, and tape is 20 feet
from chart
• Washed hands
• Greeted and identified patient
• Identified self
• Explained procedure
• Had patient stand with heels on 20 foot mark
• Asked patient to remove corrective lenses if needed
• Had patient cover left eye gently with occluder or (index card)
• Instructed patient to keep both eyes open during testing
SKILL: VISION SCREENING
• Instructed patient to verbally identify letters/pictures on
chart, beginning with the smallest line the patient could read
comfortably
• Recorded smallest line patient could read comfortably
• Used correct charting abbreviations to record results
(Example: OD 20/20) Properly repeated procedure for the
left eye
Used correct charting
abbreviations to record results (Example: OS 20/20)
• Noted any observations such as squinting or turning head to
see
• Cleaned occluder with alcohol
• Washed hands
PROCESSING
• Complete Processing Questions VII for Exam
THE END!!!
….NOW, DO YOU HAVE AN INTEREST IN A HEALTH CARE
FIELD?