Transcript Malnutrition and Personality PowerPoint 2016

MALNUTRITION AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES
HOW DOES MALNUTRITION PLAY A ROLE IN OUR PERSONALITIES AND BEHAVIORS
DISCLAIMERS AND CONSIDERATIONS
▪ All interview subjects have agreed (both child and adult who completed their interview) have written
permission to display photos and personal medical info that relates to this topic.
▪ This was an independent research thesis created in part to help a demographic of patients.
▪ No outside organizations or pharmaceuticals, besides the one I own, and founded (Short Bowel
Syndrome Foundation, Inc.) helped contribute to this project.
ANDREW JABLONSKI, B.A.
PRESIDENT OF THE SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME FOUNDATION, INC.
▪ 29 year old lifelong short bowel syndrome patient
▪ Born with 10.2 cm or 4inches of small intestine, and no ICV
▪ Full colon intact
▪ I am a graduate of Southeast Community College with an
Associates of Business Administration and from Doane College
with a Bachelors of Human Relations with a Counseling Focus. I
am currently a graduate counseling student at Doane.
▪ In 2010 I saw a need for more support and education in the Short
Bowel population and started my mission to provide services to
those patients and providers in that rare population base.
▪ Since December of 2010 I have been single handily running my
organization, spreading awareness, education, and support to the
GI industry. Working with two pharmaceutical drug development
teams for new novel therapies for SBS.
WHAT IS MALNUTRITION?
▪ Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition
caused by an improper or insufficient diet.
▪ It most often refers to undernutrition resulting from inadequate
consumption, poor absorption, or excessive loss of nutrients,
but the term can also encompass over nutrition, resulting from
overeating or excessive intake of specific nutrients.
▪ Hunger is the normal psychological response brought on by
the physiological condition of needing food. Hunger or
“Hangry” can also affect the mental state of a person, and is
often used as a justification for general undernourishment.
WHAT IS NORMAL BEHAVIOR?
▪ Normal behavior for an individual or interpersonal normality, is
when behavior is consistent with the most common behavior
for that person.
▪ If a person’s “normal” behavior is pleasant but at other times angry
and defiant, that is their “normal behavior”. If that is their “normal”
behavior, some intervention may be needed to curve the behaviors
that are unpleasant, but the behavior as a whole will never go away
completely. There will still be times of extreme blowups due to how
the person feels both physically and mentally.
▪ Normal is also used to describe individual behavior that
conforms to society (conformity).
WHAT IS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?
▪ Abnormal behavior is behavior that deviates from what is expected and
normal. The study of abnormal behavior is called abnormal psychology.
▪ But what exactly constitutes abnormal behavior?
▪ Violation of Social Norms
▪ Behavior that goes against what is considered normal by society is
abnormal.
▪ Statistical rarity
▪ A person who has an extremely low IQ, for example, might be classified
with some type of intellectual disability. Because there is only a small
percentage of the population with mental retardation, it is rare and
therefore abnormal.
▪ Personal Distress
▪ The cause (and sometimes result) of our behavior can be distressful, when
they do not mean for it to be.
▪ Maladaptive Behaviors
▪ Is the behavior hurting oneself or someone else? In what ways?
COMMON DSM-5 DIAGNOSIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN
▪ Intellectual Disabilities
▪ Speech, Motor, Learning Disabilities
▪ ADHD, Autism
▪ Depression
▪ Major Depressive Episode
▪ Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
▪ Anxiety
▪ Social and Generalized Anxiety
▪ Attachment & Separation Anxiety
▪ PTSD
▪ Elimination Disorders
▪ Sleep-Wake Disorders
▪ Personality Disorders
MALNUTRITION IN HOSPITALS
HOW MALNUTRITION WAS MEASURED BY NURSING STAFF
PERSONALITY DISORDERS EXPERIENCED BY
MALNOURISHED PATIENTS
▪ One of the main highlighting concerns that was
discovered during research, was that why
malnourishment is well documented in the hospital
system, it is seriously lacking in psychiatric hospitals
and intuitions.
▪ It was discovered during the study that patients of
registered mental health nurses, are expected to be at
severe risk for malnourishment. (Abayomi & Hackett,
2004)
▪ “Majority of patients were admitted for psychotic or
affective illness, 48% and 45% respectively. Data was
taken from 112 patients at an acute psychiatric hospital
unit”.
▪ This unit was populated by 61 males and 51
females.
▪ Majority were young adults ranging from 18 to
63 years in age, with the average as 39 years.
(Abayomi & Hackett, 2004)
▪ Nurses believed that majority of their
patients were not at risk for malnutrition:
▪ 62 nurses (56%) believed there was
no risk,
▪ 23% had some concern,
▪ 19% thought there was a
malnutrition issue to deal with.
▪ It was documented that one ward out of
four failed to refer a malnourished patient
to a dietician.”
▪ (Abayomi & Hackett, 2004)
PERSONALITY DISORDERS EXPERIENCED BY
MALNOURISHED PEOPLE
▪ It was reported that people with depression often present with
symptoms of anorexia and weight loss, said to be a direct effect of
their depression, as the patient tends to avoid food.
▪ The reason for admission was divided into three effective
disorders:
▪ neurotic,
▪ psychotic,
▪ affective disorders.
▪ Majority of patients were admitted for psychotic or affective
illness (Abayomi & Hackett, 2004)
▪ Personality Disorders:
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Depression
Anxiety
PTSD
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Anger Management Issues
Antisocial
Gathered from Research and Interviews.
Jablonski, A. (2015)
MENTAL HEALTH OF MOTHERS
WHO HAVE MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
MENTAL HEALTH OF MOTHERS...
▪ Mothers with a history of negative emotional events are more likely to have malnourished children (Claudio
Torres De Miranda, 1995) In a study conducted in the United States of the relationship between maternal
psychosocial factors and infant nutrition.
▪ It was found that mothers of malnourished children had more emotional problems and were in a lower income group
than in comparison to the control group (Claudio Torres De Miranda, 1995).
▪ The study also found the relationship between mental health and nutrition.
▪ Positive correlations between the degrees of handicaps caused by the parents mental disorder and the severity of
malnutrition in their children (Claudio Torres De Miranda, 1995).
▪ Mothers raising malnourished children often come from:
▪ Low income families
▪ Are not able to work because they need to care for their child at home.
▪ Have more stress upon the family and therefore both the child and mother suffer from the stress.
INTESTINAL FAILURE & BEHAVIORS
IN SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME PATIENTS
INTESTINAL FAILURE DEFINED:
▪ Intestinal Failure is a term that has "emerged approximately twenty years ago. It is now a well defined syndrome with clear
treatment pathways” Irving, M (2000).
▪ The last five years IF has been the center point in the rare disease industry, with new emerging treatment options:
▪
such as GATTEX, a growth hormone therapy that increases the villus of the intestine allowing for better absorption of nutrients (Irving,
2000).
▪ IF is a condition that can be present in patients with:
▪ Normal
▪ partial dysfunction
▪ dysfunctional length of bowel
▪
It can be complete or partial, acute or temporary, or chronic and permanent describes Irving, going on to describe that
▪ The four major underlining causes of IF are:
1. Short bowel syndrome
2. Crohn's disease
3. Motility disorders
4. Small bowel fistulation
(Irving, 2000)
IN DEFINITION SHORT BOWEL
SYNDROME IS…
▪ Loss of ½ or more of the
small intestine due to:
▪ Congenital Defects
▪ Traumatic Events
▪ SBS is a permanent chronic
medical issue that affects
patients differently
▪ Limited treatment options
▪ Total Parenteral Nutrition
▪ Enteral Feedings
▪ GATTEX®---Shire
Pharmaceuticals
▪ NB 1001---NAIA
Pharmaceuticals
Information taken from Short Bowel
Syndrome Foundation, Inc.
Lincoln, NE.
ETIOLOGY (CAUSES OF INTESTINAL FAILURE):
▪ Can be congenital or acquired
▪ Congenital
▪ Intestinal atresia
▪ Gastroschisis
▪ Omphalocele
▪ Hirschsprung’s disease
▪ Acquired
▪ Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
▪ Mid-Gut volvulus
▪ Ischemic injury
▪ Crohn’s disease
▪ Radiation enteritis
INTERVIEW ONE
ANDREW VOSS-15 YEARS OLD.
INTERVIEW COMPLETED BY JEANNE VOSS, RN
INTERVIEW WITH JEANNE VOSS:
▪ Andrew is 15 years old (14 at
time of interview), and he has
malnutrition related to
malabsorption secondary to a
bowel resection due to
malrotation of the gut:
▪ secondary to a birth defect
related to the overuse of
codeine by his birth mother.
▪ He was adopted at birth.
▪ He did not put solid table food
in his mouth until age 3.
▪ TPN was birth to age 4.
▪ Enteral feeding 6 months old
until present.
 Behavioral Issues due to Malnutrition:
 Personality Issues:
 Anger
 Hostility
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Violent to himself and sometimes others
 Stress Reliefs
 Drumming
 Letting it all out:
 scream
 yell
 anger spells
▪ ADHD diagnosed in first grade.
▪ Unable to sit in chair during class,
poor problem solving ability.
▪ PDD-NOS diagnosed at 3. Poor at
dealing with peers in preschool,
nonverbal and Generalized
Disorder.
His legal name should be Andrew Large (adopted father’s
name) but as Jeanne stated. How do you name your SBS son
Andrew Large? “It just didn’t fit a 15 year old who weighed
88lbs.
INTERVIEW TWO
DEBBY HANSARD-53 YEARS OLD.
INTERVIEW COMPLETED BY DEBBY HANSARD
INTERVIEW TWO: DEBBY HANSARD
▪ 50 year old SBS Trauma Patient who uses GATTEX®
▪ Unlike the previous interview, this subject was not born with any digestive
disease or syndrome, nor any neurocognitive disorders. Her initial health event
did not occur until 2007. In addition growing up she hit all her major milestones
and had no developmental delays.
▪ The subject of the interview stated that emergency trauma surgery on her
digestive track is when her life started to change:
▪ Caused by scar tissue strangulating the small intestine.
▪ Trauma was both physical and emotional.
▪ Since her initial surgery in 2007 and an additional two more surgeries, she does believe
that there have been some personality changes and behavior changes in her since.
▪ Her husband also told her that he noticed changes in her that were not in her original
personality before. (Hansard, 2015)
▪ Before her health event the subject was 170lbs.
▪ After her diagnosis of Short Bowel Syndrome and Crohn’s Disease she dropped down to
88lbs.
▪ After starting Total Parenteral Nutrition, she is now 135 and stable (Hansard, 2015).
▪ Hansard today still lives with SBS is 57 years of age, and using GATTEX the first
time threw her into a clinical depression state (Hansard, 2015), after starting
AdvoCare products she is back on GATTEX and thriving.
INTERVIEW THREE
JOEL VICKOREN-AGE 9: INTERVIEW DONE WITH PATIENTS MOTHER
TREENA VICKOREN, RN
INTERVIEW THREE: JOEL VICKOREN
▪ Joel who is 8, lives with IF, including many developmental delays, which transitioned into the school system.
▪ He found little success in the school system, and was then homeschooled by his mom
▪ There has been a lot of poking and prodding in his short seven years alive, and a lots of hospital admissions
and surgical procedures. Vickoren believes that this has caused some developmental delays early on such as
non-verbal, delay in motor skills, and the need to always be with his mother.
▪ When I first met Joel he was non-verbal and non-motor at age 4.
▪ At age 6, he ran up to me, knowing my name and all. Motor and Vocal skills very much improved.
NUTRITION ISSUES FOR THOSE LIVING WITH
CHRONIC ILLNESSES
NUTRITION ISSUES IN CHRONIC ILLNESS
▪ Malnutrition is the insufficient dietary intake of essential nutrients, and protein-energy
under-nutrition.
▪ It is a faulty, yet inadequate nutritional status; under nourishment it is characterized by poor
dietary intake, poor appetite, muscle atrophy, and weight loss (Kralik, 2010).
▪ The incidence of malnutrition increases with age (Kralik, 2010).
▪ With the increase of the older people in our population, it can be expected that issues regarding
poor nutrition will become more noticeable (Kralik, 2010).
▪ Poor nutrition is also a hot topic among communities.
▪ In a research study that accessed the nutritional status of 500 people on admission to discharge
from an acute hospital, it was found that 40% of people were “undernourished” and this figure
increased to 75% at the time of discharge (Kralik, 2010).
NUTRITION IN CHRONIC ILLNESS
• People who are living with a chronic illness may
become more socially isolated as a result of the
loss of partners, friends, reduced social networks,
disabilities, reduced mobility, and poor health
overall (Kralik, 2010).
• They may live and eat alone, lowering motivation
to prepare and eat food.
• The strong emotions of grief, depression, and
loneliness can diminish appetite and motivation
to take care of oneself.
• Therefore adequate nutrition may fall on the
“wayside” (Kralik, 2010). The tasks that are crucial
to maintaining adequate nutrition such as grocery
shopping, and food preparation becomes more
difficult and sometimes impossible.
BOYS VS. GIRLS WITH
MALNUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR
CHANGES
BOYS VS. GIRLS WITH MALNUTRITION
• Boys are more likely to have chronic conditions and diseases than girls, have more activity restrictions, and
more special healthcare needs.
• Boys are more likely to have school related disabilities, and non-school disabilities. (Valerie Leiter, 2011)
• Boys account for 65% of infants and toddlers with developmental delays, such as motor, speech, and the ability to get along with
others (Valerie Leiter, 2011).
• Girls prevalence rates do eventually exceed boys, but not until later in adolescence in terms of overall health
problems, and specific issues (Valerie Leiter, 2011).
• Interviews were conducted to the adult in the household who was most knowledgeable about the child's
health.
• 46.7% responded to the interview, excluding 66% as nonresidential phone numbers. Age, Gender, and Race were
omitted from the interview.
• Many of the respondent's have a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).
Among other healthcare issues that range across the spectrum from everyday illness to chronic disease (Valerie Leiter, 2011).
BEHAVIOR IN BOYS VS. GIRLS & OUTCOMES
▪ Overall 19% of the children are
identified as having a special health
care need.
▪
One of the largest gender gaps Leiter
explains is in the category of
emotional disturbance, three fourths of
students in special education who
have been labeled with an emotional
disturbance have been boys (Valerie
Leiter, 2011).
▪
Boys are more likely to be identified
through school based referrals
▪ 22.5% of boys identified as having a
special health care need compared to
the 16.2% of girls.
▪ Boys are also more likely to use
medications, receive more care than
typical, have limitations, received
special therapies, or has been
labeled as having educational or
behavioral problems associated with
a chronic condition.
▪ Boys are twice as likely to have
reported conduct disorders than girls
(Valerie Leiter, 2011)
▪
while girls are more likely to be referred
to private therapists. Being placed in
this category may have important
consequences for the youth’s future
(Valerie Leiter, 2011).
▪
More girls than boys are going to
college after high school.
▪
Research examines the role that boys
overrepresentation in special
education may play in shaping boys
educational opportunities (Valerie
Leiter, 2011).
SCHOOL SUCCESS
SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS
▪ Students have limited
school success and have
504’s and IEP’s in place.
▪ Special Health Care Needs
▪ These help the students
succeed in school.
▪ Students often have
limitations in school that
stop them from
succeeding in school.
▪ IEP’s and 504’s are often in place to help the
students succeed in school and take off the
limitations that impede them from success
in the classroom.
▪ Teachers often prohibit student success in
elementary and middle school.
WHY IS MY CHILD SO EXPLOSIVE!?
WHY CHILDREN ACT THE WAY THEY DO & CAN THEY ALWAYS CONTROL THE WAY THEY BEHAVE
WAYS CHILDREN OFTEN “ACT OUT”
▪ Manipulative Behaviors
▪ Being Impossible
▪ Stubborn
▪ Out of Control
▪ Willful
▪ Pushing Buttons
▪ Bratty
▪ Getting Adults to “Give In”
▪ Resistant
▪ Getting their way
Though research has shown that in the past 50 years or so, that it all comes down to one thing:
“Behaviorally challenging kids are challenging because they are lacking the skills to not be challenging”.
SKILLS THAT ARE LACKED-THAT CAUSE FRUSTRATION
Children often lack in the skills of:
• It is important to know that:
• “Kids do the best that they can, with the skill sets
they have”
• Understanding when and why your child is challenging
is an important step in the process.
• It could explain many reasons why they are acting, the
way they are acting.
STRATEGIES USED TO SHAPE BEHAVIOR BY PARENTS
Parents quickly discover that strategies that are usually effective for
shaping the behavior of other children such as:
Positive Reinforcements:
1. Nurturing (all is ok, lets take
a step back)
2. Explaining (why this
behavior is not ok)
3. Reasoning (to better explain
why)
4. Redirecting (changing
direction or focus of child)
5. Reassuring (rebuilding
confidence in child)
6. Rewarding (praise for
positive behaviors, and
admitting when wrong vs.
lying about it)
Negative Reinforcements:
1. Ignoring (ignoring the
behavior or problem, does
not make it go away)
2. Punishment (must give a
solid reason why the child is
being punished)
1. with reasonable time
limits (1 month-2
months is to long as
they will find a new
interest).
3. Rather give an incentive to
work towards (ex. Get to use
phone or tablet again for
consistent good behaviors)
HOW BEHAVIORS CAN BECOME PROBLEMATIC
▪ Some of the simplest things can set off a child and/or adult with
a malnourishment disorder
▪ Some patients resort to physical violence towards oneself or others
(such as siblings).
▪ Other patients take out their aggression verbally, which can be just
as damaging to the relationship
▪ children may also be described as having difficult temperaments
▪ Whatever the label, children are distinguished by a few characteristics :
▪ Inflexibility and Low Frustration Tolerance:
▪ Making life significantly more difficult and challenging for them and for
the people who interact with them. (ex. Parents and siblings, friends,
school peers, and teachers).
▪ Irritable and Hostile interactions
▪ Physical and Verbal attacks
▪ Cheating, Lying, Stealing to gain something
▪ These children often seem unable to shift gears and think clearly in the
midst of frustration and respond to even simple changes and requests
with extreme inflexibility and often verbal or physical aggression.
THE SIMPLEST THING MAKES MY CHILD EXPLODE! CASE EXAMPLE:
▪ Axle, age 9, heads into the kitchen to make himself breakfast. He peers into the freezer, removes the
container of frozen waffles, and counts six waffles. Thinking to himself, "I'll have three waffles this morning
and three tomorrow morning," Axle toasts his three waffles and sits down to eat.
▪ Moments later, his mother and five-year old brother, Adam, enter the kitchen, and the mother asks Adam what he'd
like to eat for breakfast. Adam responds, "Waffles," and the mother reaches into the freezer for the waffles. Axle,
who has been listening intently, explodes.
▪ "He can't have the frozen waffles!" Axle screams, his face suddenly reddening.
▪ "Why not?" asks the mother, her voice and pulse rising, at a loss for an explanation of Axle's behavior.
▪ "I was going to have those waffles tomorrow morning!" Axle screams, jumping out of his chair.
▪ "I'm not telling your brother he can't have waffles!" the mother yells back.
▪ "He can't have them!" screams Axle, now face-to-face with his mother.
▪ The mother, wary of the physical and verbal aggression of which her son is capable during these moments,
desperately asks Adam if there's something else he would consider eating. “I want waffles”, Adam whimpers.
▪ Axle, his frustration and agitation at a peak, pushes her mother out of the way, seizes the container of frozen
waffles, then slams the freezer door shut, pushes over a kitchen chair, grabs his plate of toasted waffles, and
stalks to his room. His brother and mother begin to cry.
HOW THIS TYPE BEHAVIOR AFFECTS THE FAMILY
▪ Axle’s outbursts cause his sibling and mother to be scared of him at times. The extreme volatility and inflexibility require constant vigilance
and enormous energy from his mother and father, thereby lessening the attention the parents wish they could devote to Axle’s brother
and sister.
▪ His parents frequently argue over the best way to handle the defiant behavior, but agree about the severe strains Axle places on their
marriage.
▪ Although he is above average in intelligence, Axle has no close friends.
▪ Children who initially befriend him eventually find his rigid personality difficult to tolerate and will begin to shy away.
▪ Axle’s parents have sought help from countless mental health professionals, most of whom advised them to set firmer limits and be more
consistent in managing Axle’s behavior.
▪ Instructing them on how to implement formal behavior management strategies. After eight years of medicine, therapy, advice, sticker
charts, time-outs, and reward programs, Axle has changed little since his parents first noticed there was something "different" about his
when he was a toddler.
▪ Patients who are malnourished often have bursts or irritability and hostility towards others
▪ Children who display this type of behavior, typically do not want to act that way, but sometimes can not help it due to their chronic
condition
▪ Though that is not an excuse for all defiant behavior
▪ When you do not feel well, are fatigued, hungry, or in pain these behaviors become more profound and the child or adult can “snap” over
something as simple as a question asked the wrong way or perceived in a wrong way.
HOW TO DISCIPLINE A SPECIAL NEEDS CHILD
▪ When the body is malnourished and one lives with a chronic medical
condition, sometimes those children are referred to as:
▪ Developmentally disabled child
▪ Medically disabled child
▪ It is important to note that these children are not always in control of
their behaviors and/or emotions
▪ Though behaviors and emotions, when out of control-more often than
not-the parent(s) can become emotionally drained themselves, not
knowing the best way to discipline their special needs child. Some “old
fashioned” techniques no longer work effectively on children.
▪ What experts call "behavior management" is not about punishing or
demoralizing your child.
▪ it's a way to set boundaries and communicate expectations in a nurturing,
loving way.
▪ Discipline — correcting kids' actions, showing them what's right and wrong,
what's acceptable and what's not — is one of the most important ways that
all parents can show their kids that they love and care about them.
TIPS AND TRICKS FOR DEALING WITH DIFFICULT BEHAVIORS
1.
Be Consistent
▪ Correcting kids is about establishing standards — whether that's setting a morning routine or dinnertime manners
— and then teaching them how to meet those expectations.
2.
Learn about your child’s condition
▪ Read up on the condition and ask the doctor about anything you don't understand. Also talk to members of your
child's care team and other parents (especially those with kids who have similar issues) to help determine if your
child's challenging behavior is typical or related to his or her individual challenges
3.
Defining Expectations
▪ Establishing rules and discipline are a challenge for any parent. So keep your behavior plan simple and work on
one challenge at a time.
4.
Use rewards AND consequences
▪ Work within a system that includes rewards (positive reinforcement) for good behavior and natural consequences
for bad behavior. Natural consequences are punishments that are directly related to the behavior. For example, if
your child is throwing food, you would take away the plate.
TIPS AND TRICKS FOR DEALING WITH DIFFICULT BEHAVIORS
5.
Use clear and simple messages
▪ Keep verbal and visual language simple, clear, and consistent. Explain as simply as possible what behaviors you want
to see. Consistency is key, so make sure that grandparents, babysitters, siblings, and teachers are all on board with
your messages.
6.
Offer praise
▪ Encourage accomplishment by reminding your child about what he or she can earn for meeting the goals you've set
7.
Establish routines
▪ try to stick to the same routine every day. For example: If your child tends to melt down in the afternoon after school,
set a schedule for free time. Maybe he or she needs to have a snack first and then do homework before playtime.
8.
Believe in your child
▪ When you believe your child can do something, you empower him or her to reach that goal. The same is true for
behavior
9.
Have confidence in your abilities
▪ If you set an expectation in line with your child's abilities, and you believe he or she can accomplish it, odds are it will
happen. In the meantime, use whatever online, personal, and professional resources you have to help reach your
goals.
HOW PARENTS CAN SOMETIMES FEEL
▪ When a child acts out in a defiant way, either in the home or in public, it can
make the parent look “bad” more or less, depending on the situation. People
are quick to make “Parenting Judgements” about others children. Here are
some examples of assumptions, but what parents want you to actually
know…
▪ What wimpy parents that kid must have...what that kid really needs is a good
thrashing.‘
▪ Believe me, we've tried everything with her. But nobody's been able to tell us how
to help her...no one's really been able to tell us what's the matter with her!"
▪ "You can't imagine the embarrassment of having Jennifer ‘lose it' around
people who don't know her," her mother continued. "I feel like telling them, ‘I
have two kids at home who don't act like this -- I really am a good parent!'“
▪ "I know a lot of other parents who have pretty difficult children...you know,
kids who are hyperactive or having trouble paying attention. I would give my
left arm for a kid who was just hyperactive or having trouble paying attention!
Jennifer is in a completely different league! It makes me feel very alone.“
SURVEY RESULTS
Have you ever observed
someone acting
irrational due to
malnourishment
(hunger)?
HOW PEOPLE ACT WHEN MALNOURISHED
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
55%
Yes
45%
2
0
No
Reported Result
• More males vs. females presented with these behavioral
• Memory and Cognition are severely affected when the body
and/or medical issues.
is malnourished
• Most behavioral issues in the interviewed subjects have led • Anger and Irritability are most common behaviors in
to a learning disability (intellectual disability)
malnourished people
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
▪ Boys are more likely to have chronic conditions and
diseases than girls, have more activity restrictions,
and more special healthcare needs.
▪ Boys are more likely to have school related
disabilities, and non-school disabilities. (Valerie
Leiter, 2011)
▪ Boys account for 65% of infants and toddlers with
developmental delays, such as motor, speech, and the
ability to get along with others (Valerie Leiter, 2011).
▪ More girls than boys are going to college after high
school.
▪ Personality Issues:
▪
▪
▪
▪
Anger
Hostility
Anxiety
Depression
THIS PRESENTATION WAS CREATED AND UPDATED BY:
THE SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME FOUNDATION, INC.
ANDREW E. JABLONSKI, B.A
SLIDES AND CONTENT ARE © AND CAN NOT BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE AUTHORS CONSENT